Vietnam vs. Iraq War Veterans Differences

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Questions and Answers

What does the PACT Act aim to address for veterans?

Enhancing job placement services for veterans

Facilitating housing for veterans

Providing compensation for burn pit-related illnesses (correct)

Improving access to education for veterans

Which of the following best describes the historical relationship between veterans and the VA?

The VA has actively sought to improve treatment options for veterans

The VA has been focused on making enlistment benefits more attractive (correct)

Veterans have always trusted the VA to support their needs

Veterans have consistently received prompt recognition and assistance

What is one of the six frames that Kumar attributes to Islamophobia?

Islam promotes peace and coexistence

Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the world

Muslim women are oppressed and need Western intervention for liberation (correct)

Muslims are capable of self-governance

The term 'Clash of Civilizations' refers to which of the following ideas?

Portrayal of Latino and Muslim communities as foreign and incompatible with U.S. life Signup and view all the answers

Which ideology extends Islamophobia to Latino/a immigrants?

Anti-terrorism policies Signup and view all the answers

What is one rationale used to justify deporting Latino/a immigrants?

Connections to terrorism Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects Deepa Kumar's view of Islam as a religion?

Islam is a monolithic religion with no variations. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of veteran support, what historical issue is highlighted?

Veterans often struggle for fair treatment and compensation from the VA. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant difference in the deployment duration between Vietnam War veterans and Iraq War veterans?

Iraq War veterans often faced multiple tours. Signup and view all the answers

How did survivability rates for seriously wounded soldiers compare between the Vietnam War and Iraq War?

Iraq War advancements improved survival rates. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key contributor to the higher suicide rates among post-9/11 veterans compared to non-veterans?

Longer and repeated deployments. Signup and view all the answers

What unique stressors did Iraq War veterans face compared to their Vietnam counterparts?

Stricter rules in combat zones. Signup and view all the answers

What health issues are associated with exposure to burn pits during the post-9/11 wars?

Cancer and cardiovascular toxicity. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of healthcare significantly improved for veterans post-World War II compared to earlier conflicts?

Advancements in mental health awareness and treatment. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the USA PATRIOT Act when it was enacted?

To strengthen U.S. law enforcement's ability to prevent terrorism Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of post-9/11 veterans is reported to have a suicide rate higher than non-veterans?

1.5 times higher. Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the USA PATRIOT Act allows the FBI to obtain business records relevant to a terrorism investigation?

Section 215 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concerns led to the introduction of the USA FREEDOM Act?

Controversies surrounding mass surveillance and privacy rights Signup and view all the answers

What operational stressor contributed to PTSD prevalence among Iraq veterans?

Moral injury from difficult combat decisions. Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did Edward Snowden take regarding government surveillance?

He leaked information about bulk data collection Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'mass surveillance' refer to in the context of the USA PATRIOT Act?

The widespread observation of individuals without their knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What was a major criticism of the USA PATRIOT Act?

It allowed excessive government control over personal liberties Signup and view all the answers

Which administration was involved in the introduction of the USA FREEDOM Act as a response to the PATRIOT Act?

Obama Administration Signup and view all the answers

What does Section 215 of the USA PATRIOT Act allow government entities to access?

Tangible things deemed relevant to a terrorism investigation Signup and view all the answers

What is mass surveillance as defined by Amnesty International?

Surveillance of communication methods of large populations without sufficient evidence Signup and view all the answers

Which term did Obama prefer over 'War on Terror'?

Overseas Contingency Operation Signup and view all the answers

What does the Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) program emphasize?

Engagement of community members in preventative measures Signup and view all the answers

According to Nguyen's article, what is one criticism of CVE programs?

They intensify racialized policing and target specific communities Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'pre-criminal space' in the context of CVE?

Monitoring behaviors that may indicate possible future criminal acts Signup and view all the answers

Which groups were historically targeted more by CVE programs according to the content?

Arab and Muslim communities primarily, while others were overlooked Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable claim made by Nguyen regarding 'pre-criminal behaviors'?

Many behaviors considered pre-criminal are linked to emerging religious practices Signup and view all the answers

How does CVE differ from traditional hard power approaches to counter-terrorism?

CVE focuses on community involvement instead of criminal prosecution Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'pre-criminal' refer to in this context?

Non-criminal behaviors that may be criminalized due to societal perceptions Signup and view all the answers

What societal change did the hypermasculine response to 9/11 produce?

A need for individuals to remain vigilant towards others Signup and view all the answers

How was Jessica Lynch's story portrayed in the media?

As a symbolic representation of American bravery and heroism Signup and view all the answers

What did Jessica Lynch later express about her media portrayal?

She felt uncomfortable with the exaggerated portrayal of her actions Signup and view all the answers

What role do 'camp followers' play in relation to an army?

They provide support services such as food and supplies Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of a 'pre-criminal space' impact law enforcement practices?

It enhances the ability to report non-criminal behaviors to law enforcement Signup and view all the answers

What was a key characteristic of the 'docile patriots' formed after 9/11?

A requirement to actively demonstrate loyalty and vigilance Signup and view all the answers

Why was Jessica Lynch's narrative particularly compelling for the media?

She represented a narrative that resonated with national ideals of heroism Signup and view all the answers

What are the three actors commonly defined in war narratives according to Kumar?

Protected/Victim, Threat/Villain, Protector/Hero Signup and view all the answers

Which issue do Pro/Anti-War Feminists focus on separating from identity?

Institution of marriage Signup and view all the answers

What significant policy was enacted in 1993 related to LGBTQ military service members?

Don't Ask Don't Tell Signup and view all the answers

What was the rationale behind the Don't Ask Don't Tell policy?

To maintain high standards of morale and discipline Signup and view all the answers

Which institution played a key role in the debates and policies regarding LGBTQ individuals in the military?

The Palm Center Signup and view all the answers

What is one main focus of the Pro/Anti-War Feminism movement?

Separating essential services from marriage institutions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT represent one of the traditional roles defined in war narratives?

Neutral Observer Signup and view all the answers

What significant military policy was eventually lifted, allowing more inclusive service?

Transgender Military Ban Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the change in medical technology during the Iraq War compared to the Vietnam War?

More lives were saved due to better medical technology in Iraq. Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of stop-loss policies for Iraq War veterans?

Veterans often faced multiple deployments beyond the usual terms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to higher suicide rates among post-9/11 veterans?

Advanced mental health treatment programs. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately represents the mental health challenges faced by Iraq War veterans?

Multiple deployments exacerbated their mental health issues. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key difference in living conditions between veterans of the Vietnam War and the Iraq War?

Vietnam veterans had access to more recreational activities. Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding the overall suicide rates of veterans in historical context?

Today’s veteran suicide rates are lower than pre-WWII due to better awareness. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the impact of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) on veterans?

TBIs contribute to higher operational stress levels. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does redefining non-criminal behaviors as 'pre-criminal' have on racialized communities?

Facilitates their criminalization Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of 'docile patriots' as a response to 9/11?

Blind support for government actions Signup and view all the answers

How did the media’s portrayal of Jessica Lynch influence public perception?

Presented her as a symbol of American bravery Signup and view all the answers

What role do camp followers perform in relation to an army?

Logistical and service support functions Signup and view all the answers

What perspective does the concept of a 'pre-criminal space' shift towards concerning law enforcement?

Encouraging proactive reporting of non-criminal behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to the media's focus on Jessica Lynch as an ideal figure for heroism?

Her age and gender characteristics Signup and view all the answers

How does the portrayal of 'pre-criminal behaviors' affect community dynamics?

Fosters vigilantism and mistrust Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) program?

Engaging community members to prevent violent extremism Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant social change related to the hypermasculine response to 9/11?

A culture of surveillance and suspicion towards others Signup and view all the answers

What criticism does Nguyen's article raise regarding CVE programs?

They intensify racialized policing and surveillance in communities. Signup and view all the answers

How does the term 'pre-criminal space' relate to CVE programs?

It identifies behaviors that suggest potential for future terrorist actions. Signup and view all the answers

What shift did Obama make in terminology regarding anti-terrorism strategies?

He preferred the phrase 'Overseas Contingency Operation'. Signup and view all the answers

Which communities have CVE programs been historically criticized for targeting?

Arab and Muslim communities Signup and view all the answers

According to Amnesty International, what does mass surveillance entail?

Monitoring phone and internet communications of large populations without sufficient evidence Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable characteristic of CVE regarding community involvement?

Community leaders are used for surveillance and monitoring. Signup and view all the answers

What argument does Nguyen present about behaviors deemed 'pre-criminal'?

They can be linked to religious practices and immigration stress. Signup and view all the answers

What issue have veterans historically faced when dealing with the VA?

Recognition and compensation for service-related illnesses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following frames does Deepa Kumar use to describe Islamophobia?

Islam is inherently violent Signup and view all the answers

What ideology is associated with the idea that Latino/a communities are detrimental to U.S. society?

Clash of Civilizations Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary purposes of the USA PATRIOT Act after its enactment?

To improve interagency intelligence sharing Signup and view all the answers

What action did the PACT Act of 2022 primarily take for veterans?

Allocated funds for healthcare and disability compensation Signup and view all the answers

Which assertion is made regarding Islamophobia's intersection with immigration policies?

It enables anti-terrorism measures to be applied to immigrants Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of the USA PATRIOT Act drew significant criticism regarding privacy violations?

Expansion of the definition of terrorism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characterizes the overall government approach towards veterans historically?

Emphasizing the attractiveness of military service Signup and view all the answers

What role does the protector/hero play in war narratives as described by Kumar?

The one who protects or rescues the victim Signup and view all the answers

What does Section 215 of the USA PATRIOT Act permit law enforcement to access?

Library records deemed relevant to a terrorism investigation Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor related to the frames of Islamophobia as described by Deepa Kumar?

Muslim women are depicted as needing liberation from Western societies Signup and view all the answers

How did the USA FREEDOM Act differ from the USA PATRIOT Act?

It sought to enhance government oversight of surveillance Signup and view all the answers

What is a focus of Pro/Anti-War Feminisms regarding family structures?

Separating survival needs from marriage institutions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events directly influenced the introduction of the USA FREEDOM Act?

The revelations by Edward Snowden about mass surveillance Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the Don't Ask Don't Tell policy enacted in 1993?

To permit LGBTQ individuals to serve while remaining discreet about their identity Signup and view all the answers

What significant challenge do veterans face related to treatment for exposure to toxins?

Resistance from the government regarding compensation Signup and view all the answers

Which rationale was given for the Don't Ask Don't Tell policy?

It would improve the overall morale of the military Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of Operation Vulgar Betrayal?

Heightened opposition to government surveillance Signup and view all the answers

What critical role did the Palm Center play in relation to LGBTQ individuals in the military?

Informing debates and policies regarding LGBTQ military service Signup and view all the answers

What is a key concern raised regarding mass surveillance following the post-9/11 context in the U.S.?

Potential violation of civil liberties and privacy Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of activists in the Pro/Anti-War Feminism movement?

To address intersectional issues affecting marginalized communities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best encapsulates the main purpose of the USA PATRIOT Act?

To strengthen national security through expanded powers Signup and view all the answers

What significant policy was repealed related to women in military combat?

The Combat Exclusion Policy Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the scenario depicted by Kumar involving the interplay of victims, threats, and protectors in war narratives?

Narrative triad Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vietnam War vs. Iraq War Veteran Differences

Deployments: Vietnam War veterans served one year, while Iraq War veterans often faced multiple tours due to stop-loss policies. Post-9/11 veterans could not cap active duty at 24 months.
Survivability/Injuries: Iraq War improved medical technology, leading to higher survival rates among seriously wounded soldiers (15/16 survived compared to 5/8 in Vietnam). However, increased survivability also resulted in greater long-term medical needs due to more complex injuries.
Mental Health Challenges: Iraq War veterans experienced more PTSD due to multiple deployments without adequate treatment compared to Vietnam veterans. Conditions in Iraq, including continuous exposure to counterinsurgency and terrorism, created unique stressors.
Suicide Rates: Despite alarming rates, military suicide rates are lower than the pre-WWII era due to improved awareness and treatment. Post-9/11 veterans have a suicide rate 1.5 times higher than non-veterans, and at least four times as many have died by suicide than in combat.

Contributing Factors to Suicide Rates

Longer and repeated deployments increase combat exposure and PTSD prevalence.
Increase in traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), worsened by improvised explosive devices.
Moral injury and diminished public support for post-9/11 wars exacerbate mental health struggles.

Burn Pits

Definition: Burn pits involved the burning of waste and debris in open areas during post-9/11 wars, particularly in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Health Impacts: Exposure to burn pit fumes led to severe conditions such as cancer, interstitial lung disease, kidney toxicity, and cardiovascular toxicity. The Department of Defense estimates 3.5 million service members were exposed to these toxic fumes.

Veteran Struggles with the VA

Veterans have struggled with the VA regarding recognition and compensation for burn pit-related illnesses.
The PACT Act (2022) allocated $797 billion to extend healthcare and disability for affected veterans.

Islamophobia

Ideology and Frames (Deepa Kumar): Islamophobia constructs the world through six key frames. These frames include Islam being a monolithic religion, uniquely sexist, anti-modern, and inherently violent. These frames also include the idea that Islam is incapable of rationality and science, and that it inherently leads to violence.
Clash of Civilizations: This concept argues that some groups, like Latinos and Muslims, are foreign to the US and incompatible with its values.
Extension of Islamophobia: Islamophobia is being extended to Latino populations, using anti-terrorism policies to justify border control and deportation efforts. This falsely connects terrorism with immigration.

USA PATRIOT Act

Enacted after 9/11 attacks, it aimed to improve the US government's ability to prevent and respond to terrorism.
Section 215: This section allowed the FBI to obtain court orders requiring businesses and organizations to provide information deemed relevant to terrorism investigations (including library records). This section has been controversial due to concerns about privacy violations.

Mass Surveillance

The post-9/11 era saw increased mass surveillance using the Patriot Act and other measures.
Mass surveillance encompasses the monitoring of numerous individuals' internet and phone communications. The US government's controversial actions (like surveillance) have come under scrutiny for possibly undermining individual privacy.

Overseas Contingency Operations

Replaced "War on Terror" language.
Preferred "war with al-Qaeda” or Overseas Contingency Operation
Countering Violent Extremism (CVE): Programs police the "pre-criminal space" and identify behaviors that might indicate terrorist tendencies, often targeting certain racial groups. Nguyen argues there's no scientific basis for these behaviors being linked to terrorism, particularly as religious practice or immigration stress might be mischaracterized as pre-criminal.

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Description

Explore the contrasting experiences of Vietnam War veterans and Iraq War veterans in this quiz. Delve into aspects such as deployments, survivability, mental health challenges, and suicide rates. Understand how these factors have shaped their experiences and the ongoing needs of veterans today.