29 Questions
What is the primary cause of reduced blood flow in cases of chronic passive congestion?
Decreased cardiac output
Which type of necrosis is associated with arterial obstruction?
Coagulative necrosis
What is the result of venous obstruction in terms of blood flow?
Stagnation of blood flow and reduction of venous return
What is the term for a deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues?
Hypoxia
What is the term for the condition characterized by enlargement of the liver and dark red coloration?
Nutmeg liver
What is the primary purpose of peripheral vasoconstriction as a mechanism of defense in response to fluid loss?
To allow the body to retain core heat for longer
What is the critical amount of blood loss that can lead to shock?
More than 35% of total blood volume
What is the most common cause of sepsis in dogs?
Leakage of contents from the gastrointestinal tract
What is the type of shock that occurs due to the pooling of blood in peripheral tissues?
Blood Maldistribution shock
What is the primary function of peripheral vasoconstriction in response to fluid loss?
To decrease blood flow to peripheral tissues
What is the term for the decrease in the caliber of blood vessels?
Vasoconstriction
What is the primary cause of decreased blood flow in congestion?
Impaired venous return out of a tissue
What is the primary cause of peripheral vasodilatation in septic shock?
The LPS complex within the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria
What is the term for active engorgement of a vascular bed resulting from arteriolar dilation?
Hyperemia
Which of the following is a risk factor for sepsis in animals?
Receiving chemotherapy
What is the term for the widespread use of catheters and other invasive equipment that can lead to sepsis?
Iatrogenic infection
Which of the following is NOT a cause of congestion?
Increased metabolic activity of tissue
What is the term for passive engorgement of a vascular bed resulting from decreased outflow?
Congestion
What is the most common type of shock?
Septic shock
What is the result of acute passive congestion?
Cyanosis and potential for fluid extravasation
Which of the following is NOT a source of sepsis?
Vaccination
What is the result of blood maldistribution caused by shock?
Organ failure
Which of the following is an example of physiologic hyperemia?
Increased flow to the GI tract after a meal
What is the primary mechanism by which inflammation resulting from sepsis causes organ failure?
Formation of tiny blood clots that block oxygen and nutrients from reaching vital organs
What is the primary characteristic of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria?
Presence of tachycardia, tachypnea, fever, and hyperemic mucous membranes
What is the primary cause of Anaphylactic Shock?
Release of histamine and other vasoactive substances from Mast cells and Basophils
What is the primary characteristic of Neurogenic Shock?
Induction by spinal cord injury or neurological disorders
What is the primary laboratory finding in sepsis?
Increased levels of C-reactive protein and other acute phase proteins
What is the primary result of vasodilatation in septic shock?
Systemic hypotension and tissue hypoperfusion
This quiz covers the concepts of cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, and blood maldistribution. It also explores alterations in blood flow and perfusion, including hyperemia and active engorgement of vascular beds.
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