Veterinary Pathology: Blood Flow Alterations

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What is the primary cause of reduced blood flow in cases of chronic passive congestion?

Venous obstruction

Decreased cardiac output (correct)

Local obstruction of a vessel

Arterial obstruction

Which type of necrosis is associated with arterial obstruction?

Caseous necrosis

Liquefactive necrosis

Fatty necrosis

Coagulative necrosis (correct)

What is the result of venous obstruction in terms of blood flow?

Increased venous return

No observable change in blood flow

Stagnation of blood flow and reduction of venous return (correct)

Increased blood flow to the affected area

What is the term for a deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues?

Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition characterized by enlargement of the liver and dark red coloration?

Nutmeg liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of peripheral vasoconstriction as a mechanism of defense in response to fluid loss?

To allow the body to retain core heat for longer Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical amount of blood loss that can lead to shock?

More than 35% of total blood volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of sepsis in dogs?

Leakage of contents from the gastrointestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of shock that occurs due to the pooling of blood in peripheral tissues?

Blood Maldistribution shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of peripheral vasoconstriction in response to fluid loss?

To decrease blood flow to peripheral tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the decrease in the caliber of blood vessels?

Vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of decreased blood flow in congestion?

Impaired venous return out of a tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of peripheral vasodilatation in septic shock?

The LPS complex within the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for active engorgement of a vascular bed resulting from arteriolar dilation?

Hyperemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for sepsis in animals?

Receiving chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the widespread use of catheters and other invasive equipment that can lead to sepsis?

Iatrogenic infection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of congestion?

Increased metabolic activity of tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for passive engorgement of a vascular bed resulting from decreased outflow?

Congestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of shock?

Septic shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of acute passive congestion?

Cyanosis and potential for fluid extravasation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of sepsis?

Vaccination Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of blood maldistribution caused by shock?

Organ failure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of physiologic hyperemia?

Increased flow to the GI tract after a meal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which inflammation resulting from sepsis causes organ failure?

Formation of tiny blood clots that block oxygen and nutrients from reaching vital organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria?

Presence of tachycardia, tachypnea, fever, and hyperemic mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Anaphylactic Shock?

Release of histamine and other vasoactive substances from Mast cells and Basophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Neurogenic Shock?

Induction by spinal cord injury or neurological disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary laboratory finding in sepsis?

Increased levels of C-reactive protein and other acute phase proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary result of vasodilatation in septic shock?

Systemic hypotension and tissue hypoperfusion Signup and view all the answers