Veterinary Pathology: Necrosis and Gangrene

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of coagulative necrosis?

Autolysis of cells

Formation of fibrin (correct)

Inflammation

Loss of tissue architecture

What is a common location for coagulative necrosis?

Skin and pancreas

Brain and heart

Lungs

Kidney, liver, and muscles (correct)

What can cause coagulative necrosis?

Trauma and nutritional deficiencies

Infections, ischemia, and mild irritants (correct)

Bacterial infections and cancer

Viral infections

What is a result of coagulative necrosis?

Preservation of tissue architecture Signup and view all the answers

What type of necrosis is characterized by the coagulation of necrotic tissue?

Coagulative necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What color does the organ become due to coagulative necrosis?

Gray/white Signup and view all the answers

Which type of necrosis is characterized by the presence of firm, dry, and cheesy consistency?

Caseative/caseous necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of liquefactive necrosis?

Enzymatic dissolution of cells by intracellular hydrolases Signup and view all the answers

What is the microscopic feature of coagulative necrosis?

Absence of nucleus or pyknotic nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the etiology of caseative/caseous necrosis?

Chronic infections such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the dead tissue in caseative/caseous necrosis?

Firm and dry Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of pyknosis?

Condensation of chromatin material, with a dark, reduced, and deeply stained nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for physiological cell death after completion of its function?

Necrobiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of necrosis characterized by the coagulation of necrotic tissue due to the presence of an enzyme that produces fibrin?

Coagulative necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the gross appearance of necrotic tissue?

Pale, soft, friable, and sharply demarcated from viable tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the etiology of coagulative necrosis?

Infections, ischemia, and mild irritants Signup and view all the answers

What is karyolysis?

Dissolution of nucleus into small fragments Signup and view all the answers

Which type of necrosis is characterized by the presence of a cavity?

Liquefactive necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of fat necrosis?

Pancreatic juice leakage Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the death of adipose cells in a living body?

Fat necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of apoptosis in the body?

To control cell number and maintain homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the changes that occur in the nucleus during necrosis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the tissue in liquefactive necrosis?

It is soft and cloudy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of decreased ATP in the body after death?

Hypoxia occurring due to cessation of oxygen supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of post-mortem clots in terms of their attachment to endothelium?

They are not attached to the endothelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomal enzymes in the process of autolysis?

To digest cells and tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between red and yellow post-mortem clots?

The distribution of blood components in the clot Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinguishing feature of autolysis from putrefaction?

The uniform destruction of cells without inflammatory reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of thrombokinase in post-mortem clotting?

Dying leucocytes and endothelial cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Coagulative Necrosis

Characterized by the coagulation of necrotic tissue, often due to the presence of an enzyme that produces fibrin
Commonly found in the heart, kidneys, and adrenal glands
Can be caused by ischemia (lack of blood flow) or hypoxia (lack of oxygen)
Results in a firm, dry, and cheesy consistency
Organ becomes pale or yellowish-white due to coagulative necrosis
Microscopic feature: preserved cell outline with lost nuclei
The etiology is often due to ischemia or hypoxia

Caseous/Caseous Necrosis

Characterized by the presence of a firm, dry, and cheesy consistency
Most commonly associated with tuberculosis
The dead tissue has a characteristic granular appearance
Etiology: immune response to tuberculosis infection

Liquefactive Necrosis

Characterized by the digestion of necrotic tissue by enzymes, resulting in a liquefied, pus-filled cavity
Commonly found in the brain and spinal cord
Caused by bacterial or fungal infections
Tissue becomes soft and liquefied; commonly seen in brain infections

Other Necrosis Types & Terminology

Karyolysis: Dissolution of the nucleus of a cell
Pyknosis: Shrinking of the nucleus of a cell
Apoptosis: Physiological cell death after completion of its function
Fat Necrosis: Death of adipose cells in a living body; typically caused by pancreatic enzymes
Nuclear changes: A term for all changes that occur in the nucleus during necrosis

Autolysis vs. Putrefaction

Autolysis: Self-digestion of cells after death; enzymes released from lysosomes
Putrefaction: Decomposition of dead tissue by bacteria

Post-Mortem Clots

Red Post-Mortem Clots: Form in the process of autolysis; loosely attached to endothelium
Yellow Post-Mortem Clots: Form after red clots; firmly attached to endothelium
Thrombokinase: Source of clot formation in post mortem clots

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Learn about the different types of necrosis, including coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, and gangrenous necrosis, and their characteristics in veterinary pathology.