Clinical Pathology mod 1

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Questions and Answers

Which blood vessel is preferred for blood sampling in anurans?

  • Jugular veins
  • Ventral tail vein
  • Heart
  • Ventral abdominal vein (correct)

Which blood vessel is preferred for blood sampling in caecilians?

  • Jugular veins
  • Ventral abdominal vein
  • Ventral tail vein (correct)
  • Heart

Which blood vessel is preferred for blood sampling in lizards?

  • Ventral tail vein (correct)
  • Ventral abdominal vein
  • Jugular veins
  • Heart

Which blood vessel is preferred for blood sampling in snakes?

<p>Ventral abdominal vein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is preferred for blood sampling in lagomorphs?

<p>Lateral ear vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is preferred for blood sampling in crocodylia?

<p>Ventral tail vein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Yersinia spp.?

<p>They can cause acute septicaemic syndromes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causal agent of Tyzzer's disease?

<p>Clostridium piliforme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Tyzzer's disease transmitted?

<p>Through contaminated food or water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protozoal parasite can cause ulcerative colitis in primates?

<p>Entamoeba histolytica (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method for detecting Giardia spp.?

<p>Microscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of proventricular flush in birds?

<p>To detect Macrorhabdus ornithogaster (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the recommended blood vessel for collection in arctic seals and sea lions?

<p>Tail fluke leading edge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of melaena in birds?

<p>Macrorhabdus ornithogaster infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended technique for collecting a reptile fecal sample?

<p>Cloacal flush with fresh sample (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended method for diagnosing flagellates in reptiles?

<p>Smear using Lugol’s iodine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended method for diagnosing cryptosporidiosis in snakes?

<p>Stomach washes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common bacterium found in reptiles without causing clinical disease?

<p>Salmonella spp. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the gametocyte is the most obvious and has refractile pigment granules?

<p>Gametocyte found in erythrocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of sporozoan haemoparasites is the most commonly seen in reptiles?

<p>Haemogregarina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family of haemoparasites is found in fresh water turtles, tortoises, snakes, and some lizards?

<p>Haemogregarina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species of mammals demonstrate a significant circadian fluctuation in leucocyte numbers?

<p>Rodents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell is the first line of defence against bacterial and fungal infections in mammals?

<p>Neutrophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is capable of phagocytosis and aids in the defence against endoparasites?

<p>Eosinophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about the collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a rabbit's cisterna magna?

<p>The needle is directed to a point equidistant from the cranial margins of the wings of the atlas and 2mm caudal to the occipital protuberance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about CSF analysis in rabbits?

<p>Presence of bilirubin in the CSF indicates gall bladder/biliary leakage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about peritoneal fluid analysis in rabbits?

<p>A peritoneal lactate level higher than the blood lactate level is suggestive of peritonitis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about blood parasites in avian species?

<p>Malarial parasites are transmitted by blackflies and cause intravascular haemolysis resulting in anaemia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about Plasmodium spp. in avian species?

<p>Plasmodium spp. cause variable displacement of the erythrocyte nucleus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about haemoparasites in chelonia?

<p>Haemoproteus sp. has been shown to cause haemolytic anaemia and mortality in chelonia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is commonly used for blood sampling in terrestrial carnivores?

<p>Jugular veins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is commonly used for blood sampling in primates?

<p>Cephalic veins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is commonly used for blood sampling in reptiles?

<p>Lateral saphenous veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended technique for collecting a reptile fecal sample?

<p>Standard floatation techniques (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is commonly used for blood sampling in mammals?

<p>Jugular veins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is commonly used for blood sampling in marsupials?

<p>Cephalic vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about the collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a bird's cisterna magna?

<p>The CSF is collected under general anesthesia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about the collection of proventricular flush in birds?

<p>The proventricular flush is collected by threading a straight crop tube past the crop and into the distal esophagus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about diagnosing flagellates in reptiles?

<p>Diagnosing flagellates in reptiles is generally performed using floatation methods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about blood parasites in avian species?

<p>Blood parasites in avian species can be diagnosed using Romanowsky stains. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about the collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a rabbit's cisterna magna?

<p>The CSF is collected without the need for anesthesia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about haemoparasites in chelonia?

<p>Haemoparasites in chelonia are most commonly seen in fresh water turtles, tortoises, snakes, and some lizards. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about the collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a rabbit's cisterna magna?

<p>The stylet is removed before advancing the needle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of proventricular flush in birds?

<p>To collect a sample for culture and sensitivity testing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is preferred for blood sampling in snakes?

<p>Caudal vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about Plasmodium spp. in avian species?

<p>Plasmodium spp. can cause variable displacement of the erythrocyte nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about haemoparasites in chelonia?

<p>Schizonts, gametocytes, and trophozoites may be found in the peripheral blood of chelonia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about blood parasites in avian species?

<p>Malarial parasites can cause severe anaemia in avian species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about gametocytes in reptiles?

<p>Gametocytes are found in the cytoplasm of erythrocytes and have refractile pigment granules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about haemogregarines in reptiles?

<p>Haemogregarines have an indirect life-cycle with intermediate hosts that include leeches, mosquitos, mites, and ticks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about leucocytes in rodents and lagomorphs?

<p>Rodents and lagomorphs demonstrate a significant circadian fluctuation in leucocyte numbers, with an increase during the light phase and a decrease during the dark phase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about neutrophils in mammals?

<p>Neutrophils are the first line of defence against bacterial and fungal infections in mammals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about lymphocytes in guinea pigs?

<p>Guinea pigs may have intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic to basophilic inclusion bodies in T lymphocytes, known as Kurloff bodies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about eosinophils in ferrets?

<p>Eosinophils may be as high as 35% of the leucocyte count in ferrets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is preferred for blood sampling in lizards?

<p>Ventral tail vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method for dilating the lateral ear vein in lagomorphs?

<p>Applying EMLA cream (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is preferred for blood sampling in snakes?

<p>Ventral tail vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is preferred for blood sampling in anurans?

<p>Ventral abdominal vein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is preferred for blood sampling in crocodylia?

<p>Ventral tail vein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is preferred for blood sampling in caecilians?

<p>Heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of avian heterophils?

<p>They are the avian equivalent of neutrophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of a strong heterophilic response in birds?

<p>Bacterial infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of eosinophilic infiltrates in birds?

<p>Endoparasitic infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of avian abscesses?

<p>Inspissated due to the large amount of fibrin excreted into them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infections often induce karyomegaly in birds?

<p>Adenoviral and polyomaviral infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of circoviral infections in birds?

<p>Multiple cytoplasmic globules in macrophages isolated from faecal or crop washes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method for confirming viral infections in birds?

<p>PCR testing of faeces or crop washes or blood samples (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neoplasm is commonly seen in rabbits, felids, canids, mustelids, hamsters, and many other mammals?

<p>Lymphoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is easily recognizable and makes the diagnosis of lymphoma relatively simple?

<p>Lymphocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neoplasm commonly presents as superficially located, ulcerated, and pruritic in ferrets?

<p>Mast cell tumours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neoplasm is commonly seen in hamsters and exhibits cells with eccentric round-to-oval nuclei and stippled chromatin?

<p>Plasma cell tumours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neoplasm is commonly found in the Cricetidae and ferrets, and exhibits epithelioid or histiocytoid cells with cytoplasm containing dark granular material?

<p>Melanomas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neoplasm may result in an effusion in the chest or abdominal cavity, and has been reported predominantly in carnivores?

<p>Mesothelioma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neoplasm is commonly seen in a variety of species, including rabbits, exotic canids, and mustelids, and exhibits well-differentiated regular but hyperplastic squamous epithelium?

<p>Polyps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common location for papillomas in canids and rodents?

<p>Head and prepuce (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is often associated with papillomas in hamsters?

<p>Papova-virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor may go on to produce lymphoma in hamsters?

<p>Papillomas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical cytology of papillomas?

<p>Benign, well organised epithelial sheets with low pleomorphism and low mitotic index (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is associated with injection site reactions?

<p>Sarcomas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cytology of sarcomas?

<p>Poorly differentiated round to spindle shaped cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is common in a wide range of mammalian species and often demonstrates reserve cells with a clustered cellular appearance and clear staining granules in the cytoplasm?

<p>Sebaceous adenomas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is particularly common in the mouths of hedgehogs and often demonstrates a mixture of squamous cells, fibroblasts, parabasal cells, and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate?

<p>Squamous cell carcinomas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is occasionally seen in rabbits and other small mammals and shows sheets of polygonal cells with small nuclei and abundant granular cytoplasm?

<p>Leydig cell tumours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about lymphoma in birds?

<p>Lymphoma may present as a mixed population of lymphoblastic/lymphocytic/lymphoplasmacytic cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about squamous cell carcinomas and poxvirus in birds?

<p>Squamous cell carcinomas and poxvirus generally occur around the head, cere, and uropygial gland. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about xanthomas and lipomas in birds?

<p>Xanthomas and lipomas are caused by excessive lipid deposits within the skin and subcutis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about ectoparasites in birds?

<p>Most avian ectoparasites are attached to the feathers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about chronic inflammatory reactions in birds?

<p>Melanomacrophages are typical of chronic inflammatory reactions in birds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about neoplasia in reptiles?

<p>Neoplasms in reptiles tend to have a poorly defined fusiform cellular structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about adenocarcinomas in gerbils?

<p>Histopathology is generally preferred for diagnosing adenocarcinomas in gerbils. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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