Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary distinction between passive and active immunization?
What is the primary distinction between passive and active immunization?
- Passive immunization involves administering actual antibodies, whereas active immunization uses antigens to stimulate antibody production. (correct)
- Passive immunization uses antigens to stimulate antibody production, while active immunization introduces pre-formed antibodies.
- Passive immunization requires more frequent booster shots compared to active immunization.
- Active immunization is derived from viral proteins, unlike passive immunization.
Why do inactivated vaccines typically require booster shots?
Why do inactivated vaccines typically require booster shots?
- The initial immune response is strong, but the immune system quickly forgets the antigen without boosters.
- The viral capsid proteins degrade rapidly, necessitating frequent re-exposure.
- The inactivated virus particles reproduce slowly, leading to a weakened immune response over time.
- Inactivated vaccines do not reproduce, requiring periodic reinforcement of the immune response. (correct)
Which characteristic of attenuated vaccines contributes to the less frequent need for booster shots compared to inactivated vaccines?
Which characteristic of attenuated vaccines contributes to the less frequent need for booster shots compared to inactivated vaccines?
- Attenuated vaccines consist only of viral proteins, minimizing the risk of adverse reactions.
- Attenuated viruses are killed using heat or formaldehyde, resulting in a more stable vaccine.
- Attenuated viruses can reproduce, leading to continuous antigen presentation. (correct)
- Attenuated viruses are administered in higher doses, providing a stronger initial immune response.
A new vaccine is designed using only the surface proteins of a virus. Which type of vaccine is this MOST likely to be?
A new vaccine is designed using only the surface proteins of a virus. Which type of vaccine is this MOST likely to be?
If a vaccine elicits an immune response without introducing any viral particles, whole or otherwise, it would be classified as which type of vaccine?
If a vaccine elicits an immune response without introducing any viral particles, whole or otherwise, it would be classified as which type of vaccine?
A researcher aims to develop a vaccine that closely mimics a natural infection but poses minimal risk. Which vaccine type is the MOST suitable if they want the vaccine to replicate?
A researcher aims to develop a vaccine that closely mimics a natural infection but poses minimal risk. Which vaccine type is the MOST suitable if they want the vaccine to replicate?
A pharmaceutical company is scaling up vaccine production. Given the need for specialized facilities for culturing live viruses, which vaccine type would be the MOST cost-effective to produce in large quantities, assuming equal efficacy?
A pharmaceutical company is scaling up vaccine production. Given the need for specialized facilities for culturing live viruses, which vaccine type would be the MOST cost-effective to produce in large quantities, assuming equal efficacy?
A patient with a compromised immune system needs immediate protection against a specific toxin. Considering the mechanisms of action, which type of immunization would be MOST appropriate?
A patient with a compromised immune system needs immediate protection against a specific toxin. Considering the mechanisms of action, which type of immunization would be MOST appropriate?
Inactivated vaccines are advantageous because they:
Inactivated vaccines are advantageous because they:
Flashcards
Passive Immunization
Passive Immunization
Transfer of pre-made antibodies to provide immunity.
Active Immunization
Active Immunization
The process where the body produces antibodies after exposure to an antigen.
Inactivated Vaccine
Inactivated Vaccine
Vacines made from virus particles that are killed and cannot replicate.
Attenuated Vaccine
Attenuated Vaccine
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Booster Shots
Booster Shots
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Virus-like Particle Vaccine
Virus-like Particle Vaccine
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Subunit Vaccine
Subunit Vaccine
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Antibody
Antibody
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Viral Capsid Proteins
Viral Capsid Proteins
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Study Notes
Passive Immunization
- Passive immunization involves administering antibodies directly, rather than antigens.
- It is similar to active immunization in its use of commercially-prepared substances.
Types of Vaccines
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Vaccines present foreign antigens to stimulate an immune response.
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Four main types are currently used:
Inactivated Vaccines
- Consists of viruses grown in cultures, then killed (e.g., by heat or formaldehyde).
- Virus particles are destroyed, preventing replication.
- Viral capsid proteins remain intact, enabling immune system recognition and response.
- Require booster shots to maintain immune response.
Attenuated Vaccines
- Contain live virus particles of very low virulence.
- Viruses reproduce slowly.
- Continuous antigen presentation reduces the need for frequent boosters.
Virus-Like Particle Vaccines
- Composed of viral proteins (structural components).
Subunit Vaccines
- Present antigens without introducing entire viral particles.
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Description
Explore different vaccine types: inactivated, attenuated, virus-like particle and subunit vaccines. Inactivated vaccines use killed viruses needing boosters, while attenuated vaccines use weakened viruses for prolonged immunity. Virus-like particle vaccines are composed of viral proteins.
