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Questions and Answers
What is the mechanism of action of passive immunization?
Which of the following is an example of passive immunization?
What is a potential risk associated with passive immunotherapy?
Passive immunization is indicated for the prevention of which of the following viruses?
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Which type of immune response do killed (inactivated) vaccines predominantly produce?
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Why are organisms in killed vaccines inactivated by chemicals rather than heat?
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Which of the following diseases is prevented by a killed (inactivated) vaccine?
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Which type of vaccine is dangerous for immunocompromised patients due to the potential of causing significant disease?
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What is the primary advantage of live vaccines over killed (inactivated) vaccines?
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Which disease is prevented by a toxoid vaccine?
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Which type of vaccine is only capable of producing IgM due to its inability to activate Th cells?
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Which type of vaccine is comprised of capsular polysaccharide conjugated to protein, creating a T cell-dependent immune response with class switching?
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Which type of vaccine is indicated for use in infants and is comprised of 13 capsular serotypes?
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Which type of vaccine contains an immunodominant protein from the virus that is grown in yeast cells, such as the hepatitis B vaccine?
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Which vaccine contains serotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 and can prevent more than 90% of cancers?
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Which vaccine has largely been replaced with conjugate vaccines due to its limitations in activating Th cells?
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Study Notes
Passive Immunization
- Mechanism of action: transfer of pre-formed antibodies to provide immediate protection
- Example: administration of antibodies to prevent or treat diseases such as rabies or tetanus
Types of Vaccines
- Killed (inactivated) vaccines:
- Predominantly produce a humoral immune response
- Inactivated by chemicals rather than heat to preserve antigenicity
- Example: vaccine against Hepatitis A
- Live vaccines:
- Primary advantage: can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses
- Can be dangerous for immunocompromised patients due to risk of disease
- Toxoid vaccines:
- Example: vaccine against diphtheria
- Conjugate vaccines:
- Comprised of capsular polysaccharide conjugated to protein, inducing a T cell-dependent immune response with class switching
- Example: vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
- Subunit vaccines:
- Contain immunodominant proteins from the virus, such as the hepatitis B vaccine
- Polysaccharide vaccines:
- Limited in ability to activate Th cells, inducing only IgM response
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine:
- Indicated for use in infants, comprised of 13 capsular serotypes
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine:
- Contains serotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18, preventing more than 90% of cancers
- Polysaccharide vaccines (e.g. Pneumovax):
- Limited in ability to activate Th cells, largely replaced by conjugate vaccines
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Description
Test your knowledge about active immunization, where the body's immune system produces antibodies in response to antigens, leading to long-lasting immunity. This quiz covers the process of active immunity, types of vaccines, and their characteristics.
