Active Immunization and Vaccines

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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of passive immunization?

Injection of preformed antibodies inducing a rapid humoral response against a specific pathogen (correct)

Stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies to fight a specific pathogen

Activating the body's natural killer cells to target a specific pathogen

Boosting the production of T cells to eliminate a specific pathogen

Which of the following is an example of passive immunization?

Humanized monoclonal antibodies (correct)

Nucleic acid vaccines

Live attenuated vaccines

Subunit vaccines

What is a potential risk associated with passive immunotherapy?

Generation of IgE antibodies causing systemic anaphylaxis (correct)

Activation of natural killer cells leading to cytotoxic effects

Stimulation of T cell-mediated immune responses

Promotion of regulatory T cell activity

Passive immunization is indicated for the prevention of which of the following viruses?

Rubella Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune response do killed (inactivated) vaccines predominantly produce?

Humoral immunity Signup and view all the answers

Why are organisms in killed vaccines inactivated by chemicals rather than heat?

Heat denatures the immunogenic epitopes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is prevented by a killed (inactivated) vaccine?

Yellow fever Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vaccine is dangerous for immunocompromised patients due to the potential of causing significant disease?

Live viral vaccines Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of live vaccines over killed (inactivated) vaccines?

They mimic natural infection and typically elicit lifelong immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is prevented by a toxoid vaccine?

Diphtheria Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vaccine is only capable of producing IgM due to its inability to activate Th cells?

Polysaccharide vaccine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vaccine is comprised of capsular polysaccharide conjugated to protein, creating a T cell-dependent immune response with class switching?

Conjugate vaccine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vaccine is indicated for use in infants and is comprised of 13 capsular serotypes?

Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vaccine contains an immunodominant protein from the virus that is grown in yeast cells, such as the hepatitis B vaccine?

Component vaccine Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine contains serotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 and can prevent more than 90% of cancers?

9-valent vaccine (Gardasil 9) Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine has largely been replaced with conjugate vaccines due to its limitations in activating Th cells?

Polysaccharide vaccine Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Passive Immunization

Mechanism of action: transfer of pre-formed antibodies to provide immediate protection
Example: administration of antibodies to prevent or treat diseases such as rabies or tetanus

Types of Vaccines

Killed (inactivated) vaccines:
- Predominantly produce a humoral immune response
- Inactivated by chemicals rather than heat to preserve antigenicity
- Example: vaccine against Hepatitis A
Live vaccines:
- Primary advantage: can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses
- Can be dangerous for immunocompromised patients due to risk of disease
Toxoid vaccines:
- Example: vaccine against diphtheria
Conjugate vaccines:
- Comprised of capsular polysaccharide conjugated to protein, inducing a T cell-dependent immune response with class switching
- Example: vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
Subunit vaccines:
- Contain immunodominant proteins from the virus, such as the hepatitis B vaccine
Polysaccharide vaccines:
- Limited in ability to activate Th cells, inducing only IgM response
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine:
- Indicated for use in infants, comprised of 13 capsular serotypes
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine:
- Contains serotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18, preventing more than 90% of cancers
Polysaccharide vaccines (e.g. Pneumovax):
- Limited in ability to activate Th cells, largely replaced by conjugate vaccines

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Description

Test your knowledge about active immunization, where the body's immune system produces antibodies in response to antigens, leading to long-lasting immunity. This quiz covers the process of active immunity, types of vaccines, and their characteristics.