Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key difference between passive and active immunization?
What is a key difference between passive and active immunization?
- Passive immunization is able to induce memory, while active immunization does not induce any memory response
- Passive immunization provides long-lasting immunity through administration of an antigen, while active immunization involves transfer of antibodies
- Passive immunization provides temporary immunity through transfer of antibodies, while active immunization involves administration of an antigen to stimulate immune response (correct)
- Passive immunization is inexpensive and stable, while active immunization is less efficacious and requires up to 3 doses
What are some requirements of an ideal vaccine?
What are some requirements of an ideal vaccine?
- Inexpensive, consistent in formulation, stable, able to induce appropriate immune response, induce long-lived immune response, induce memory, have no adverse effects (correct)
- Expensive, variable in formulation, unstable, unable to induce appropriate immune response, unable to induce long-lived immune response, unable to induce memory, have adverse effects
- Inexpensive, inconsistent in formulation, unstable, unable to induce any immune response, induce short-lived immune response, induce no memory, have adverse effects
- Inexpensive, consistent in formulation, unstable, able to induce inappropriate immune response, induce short-lived immune response, induce no memory, have no adverse effects
What distinguishes infectious vaccines from non-infectious vaccines?
What distinguishes infectious vaccines from non-infectious vaccines?
- Infectious vaccines are unable to induce any immune response, while non-infectious vaccines induce a long-lived immune response
- Infectious vaccines require up to 3 doses, while non-infectious vaccines infect an animal without producing disease
- Infectious vaccines infect an animal without producing disease, while non-infectious vaccines are less efficacious and require up to 3 doses (correct)
- Infectious vaccines are more stable and have a long shelf-life, while non-infectious vaccines are unstable and have a short shelf-life
What characterizes live virulent vaccines?
What characterizes live virulent vaccines?
Which type of vaccine uses intact and viable organism with reduced virulence?
Which type of vaccine uses intact and viable organism with reduced virulence?
What is the means of attenuation for live attenuated vaccines?
What is the means of attenuation for live attenuated vaccines?
What are the disadvantages of infectious vaccines?
What are the disadvantages of infectious vaccines?
Which type of vaccine requires adjuvants and has more risk of containing contaminating organisms?
Which type of vaccine requires adjuvants and has more risk of containing contaminating organisms?
What is a hallmark of an ideal adjuvant?
What is a hallmark of an ideal adjuvant?
Which type of adjuvant forms a granuloma and allows for prolonged antigenic stimulation?
Which type of adjuvant forms a granuloma and allows for prolonged antigenic stimulation?
What are the adverse consequences of vaccines mentioned in the text?
What are the adverse consequences of vaccines mentioned in the text?
What may cause feline injection site sarcoma, especially with killed vaccines containing adjuvant?
What may cause feline injection site sarcoma, especially with killed vaccines containing adjuvant?
Why might a dog develop the disease for which it was vaccinated?
Why might a dog develop the disease for which it was vaccinated?
What are the host factors that may lead to vaccine failure?
What are the host factors that may lead to vaccine failure?
Which type of vaccine does not require adjuvants and has lower costs but higher doses are required?
Which type of vaccine does not require adjuvants and has lower costs but higher doses are required?
Which type of vaccine incorporates only the immunogenic structural protein of the organism?
Which type of vaccine incorporates only the immunogenic structural protein of the organism?
What is a characteristic of passive immunization?
What is a characteristic of passive immunization?
What is a requirement of an ideal vaccine according to the text?
What is a requirement of an ideal vaccine according to the text?
What characterizes infectious vaccines?
What characterizes infectious vaccines?
What is a characteristic of live virulent vaccines?
What is a characteristic of live virulent vaccines?
What is the means of attenuation for live attenuated vaccines?
What is the means of attenuation for live attenuated vaccines?
Which type of adjuvant forms a granuloma and allows for prolonged antigenic stimulation?
Which type of adjuvant forms a granuloma and allows for prolonged antigenic stimulation?
What are the adverse consequences of vaccines mentioned in the text?
What are the adverse consequences of vaccines mentioned in the text?
What characterizes live virulent vaccines?
What characterizes live virulent vaccines?
Which type of vaccine requires adjuvants and has more risk of containing contaminating organisms?
Which type of vaccine requires adjuvants and has more risk of containing contaminating organisms?
What are some requirements of an ideal vaccine?
What are some requirements of an ideal vaccine?
What distinguishes infectious vaccines from non-infectious vaccines?
What distinguishes infectious vaccines from non-infectious vaccines?
Which type of vaccine does not require adjuvants and has lower costs but higher doses are required?
Which type of vaccine does not require adjuvants and has lower costs but higher doses are required?
What is a hallmark of an ideal adjuvant?
What is a hallmark of an ideal adjuvant?
Which type of vaccine uses intact and viable organism with reduced virulence?
Which type of vaccine uses intact and viable organism with reduced virulence?
Which type of vaccine incorporates only the immunogenic structural protein of the organism?
Which type of vaccine incorporates only the immunogenic structural protein of the organism?
What may cause feline injection site sarcoma, especially with killed vaccines containing adjuvant?
What may cause feline injection site sarcoma, especially with killed vaccines containing adjuvant?
Flashcards
Passive Immunization
Passive Immunization
Transferring antibodies to provide temporary immunity.
Active Immunization
Active Immunization
Administering an antigen to stimulate the immune response.
Ideal Vaccine
Ideal Vaccine
Inexpensive, stable, consistent formulation, appropriate immune response, no adverse effects.
Infectious Vaccines
Infectious Vaccines
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Non-Infectious Vaccines
Non-Infectious Vaccines
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Live Virulent Vaccines
Live Virulent Vaccines
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Live Attenuated Vaccines
Live Attenuated Vaccines
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Recombinant Organism Vaccines
Recombinant Organism Vaccines
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Marker Vaccines
Marker Vaccines
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Killed Whole Organism Vaccines
Killed Whole Organism Vaccines
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Subunit Vaccines
Subunit Vaccines
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Naked DNA Vaccines
Naked DNA Vaccines
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Adjuvants
Adjuvants
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Depot Adjuvants
Depot Adjuvants
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Particulate Adjuvants
Particulate Adjuvants
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Vaccine Adverse Consequences
Vaccine Adverse Consequences
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Feline Injection Site Sarcoma
Feline Injection Site Sarcoma
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Vaccine Efficacy Factors
Vaccine Efficacy Factors
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Improper Storage
Improper Storage
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Reversion to Virulence
Reversion to Virulence
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Host Factors
Host Factors
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Study Notes
Vaccine Types and Considerations
- Passive immunization involves the transfer of antibodies, providing temporary immunity, whereas active immunization requires the administration of an antigen to stimulate the immune response.
- An ideal vaccine should be inexpensive, consistent in formulation, stable, induce the most appropriate type of immune response, and have no adverse effects.
- Infectious vaccines can infect an animal without causing disease, while non-infectious vaccines are less efficacious and may require multiple doses for priming, immunization, and boosting.
- Live virulent vaccines involve the injection of a live and virulent infectious agent, while live attenuated vaccines are commonly used and involve intact and viable organisms with reduced virulence.
- Recombinant organism vaccines involve incorporating viral genes into non-virulent viruses, and marker vaccines help distinguish between antibodies from natural infection and vaccination.
- Killed whole organism vaccines are treated with chemicals and may require adjuvants, while subunit vaccines contain only immunogenic structural proteins and naked DNA vaccines involve direct injection of genes into animals.
- Adjuvants are added to vaccines to maximize their effectiveness, with depot adjuvants like aluminum salts and particulate adjuvants being readily phagocytosable particles incorporating the antigen.
- Adverse consequences of vaccines include transient pyrexia and lethargy, hypersensitivity reactions, and rare side effects like feline injection site sarcoma.
- Factors influencing vaccine efficacy include improper storage or administration, reversion to virulence, and host factors such as incubating disease at the time of vaccination or immunosuppression.
- The ideal vaccine should be inexpensive, consistent in formulation, stable, and induce the most appropriate type of immune response.
- Infectious vaccines can infect an animal without causing disease, while non-infectious vaccines are less efficacious and may require multiple doses for priming, immunization, and boosting.
- Live virulent vaccines involve the injection of a live and virulent infectious agent, while live attenuated vaccines are commonly used and involve intact and viable organisms with reduced virulence.
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Description
Test your knowledge of immunization with this quiz on passive and active immunization, ideal vaccine requirements, infectious and non-infectious vaccines, and possible vaccine side-effects.
