Immunization - Vaccines (Hard) Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a key difference between passive and active immunization?

  • Passive immunization is able to induce memory, while active immunization does not induce any memory response
  • Passive immunization provides long-lasting immunity through administration of an antigen, while active immunization involves transfer of antibodies
  • Passive immunization provides temporary immunity through transfer of antibodies, while active immunization involves administration of an antigen to stimulate immune response (correct)
  • Passive immunization is inexpensive and stable, while active immunization is less efficacious and requires up to 3 doses

    • What are some requirements of an ideal vaccine?

  • Inexpensive, consistent in formulation, stable, able to induce appropriate immune response, induce long-lived immune response, induce memory, have no adverse effects (correct)
  • Expensive, variable in formulation, unstable, unable to induce appropriate immune response, unable to induce long-lived immune response, unable to induce memory, have adverse effects
  • Inexpensive, inconsistent in formulation, unstable, unable to induce any immune response, induce short-lived immune response, induce no memory, have adverse effects
  • Inexpensive, consistent in formulation, unstable, able to induce inappropriate immune response, induce short-lived immune response, induce no memory, have no adverse effects

    • What distinguishes infectious vaccines from non-infectious vaccines?

  • Infectious vaccines are unable to induce any immune response, while non-infectious vaccines induce a long-lived immune response
  • Infectious vaccines require up to 3 doses, while non-infectious vaccines infect an animal without producing disease
  • Infectious vaccines infect an animal without producing disease, while non-infectious vaccines are less efficacious and require up to 3 doses (correct)
  • Infectious vaccines are more stable and have a long shelf-life, while non-infectious vaccines are unstable and have a short shelf-life

    • What characterizes live virulent vaccines?

    <p>Live virulent vaccines involve injection of a live and virulent infectious agent, and are quite uncommon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine uses intact and viable organism with reduced virulence?

    <p>Live attenuated vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the means of attenuation for live attenuated vaccines?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the disadvantages of infectious vaccines?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine requires adjuvants and has more risk of containing contaminating organisms?

    <p>Killed whole organism vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark of an ideal adjuvant?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of adjuvant forms a granuloma and allows for prolonged antigenic stimulation?

    <p>Depot adjuvants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the adverse consequences of vaccines mentioned in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause feline injection site sarcoma, especially with killed vaccines containing adjuvant?

    <p>Adjuvant inducing chronic inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a dog develop the disease for which it was vaccinated?

    <p>The animal was incubating disease at the time of vaccination or was infected immediately after vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the host factors that may lead to vaccine failure?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine does not require adjuvants and has lower costs but higher doses are required?

    <p>Subunit vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine incorporates only the immunogenic structural protein of the organism?

    <p>Subunit vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of passive immunization?

    <p>Results in temporary immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement of an ideal vaccine according to the text?

    <p>Be able to induce a long-lived immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes infectious vaccines?

    <p>Infecting an animal without producing disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of live virulent vaccines?

    <p>Involve injection of a live and virulent infectious agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the means of attenuation for live attenuated vaccines?

    <p>Multiple Passaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of adjuvant forms a granuloma and allows for prolonged antigenic stimulation?

    <p>Depot adjuvants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the adverse consequences of vaccines mentioned in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes live virulent vaccines?

    <p>Intact and viable organism with full virulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine requires adjuvants and has more risk of containing contaminating organisms?

    <p>Killed whole organism vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some requirements of an ideal vaccine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes infectious vaccines from non-infectious vaccines?

    <p>Infectious vaccines use intact and viable organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine does not require adjuvants and has lower costs but higher doses are required?

    <p>Naked DNA vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark of an ideal adjuvant?

    <p>Increased speed or magnitude of the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine uses intact and viable organism with reduced virulence?

    <p>Live attenuated vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine incorporates only the immunogenic structural protein of the organism?

    <p>Subunit vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause feline injection site sarcoma, especially with killed vaccines containing adjuvant?

    <p>Chronic inflammation induced by adjuvant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vaccine Types and Considerations

    • Passive immunization involves the transfer of antibodies, providing temporary immunity, whereas active immunization requires the administration of an antigen to stimulate the immune response.
    • An ideal vaccine should be inexpensive, consistent in formulation, stable, induce the most appropriate type of immune response, and have no adverse effects.
    • Infectious vaccines can infect an animal without causing disease, while non-infectious vaccines are less efficacious and may require multiple doses for priming, immunization, and boosting.
    • Live virulent vaccines involve the injection of a live and virulent infectious agent, while live attenuated vaccines are commonly used and involve intact and viable organisms with reduced virulence.
    • Recombinant organism vaccines involve incorporating viral genes into non-virulent viruses, and marker vaccines help distinguish between antibodies from natural infection and vaccination.
    • Killed whole organism vaccines are treated with chemicals and may require adjuvants, while subunit vaccines contain only immunogenic structural proteins and naked DNA vaccines involve direct injection of genes into animals.
    • Adjuvants are added to vaccines to maximize their effectiveness, with depot adjuvants like aluminum salts and particulate adjuvants being readily phagocytosable particles incorporating the antigen.
    • Adverse consequences of vaccines include transient pyrexia and lethargy, hypersensitivity reactions, and rare side effects like feline injection site sarcoma.
    • Factors influencing vaccine efficacy include improper storage or administration, reversion to virulence, and host factors such as incubating disease at the time of vaccination or immunosuppression.
    • The ideal vaccine should be inexpensive, consistent in formulation, stable, and induce the most appropriate type of immune response.
    • Infectious vaccines can infect an animal without causing disease, while non-infectious vaccines are less efficacious and may require multiple doses for priming, immunization, and boosting.
    • Live virulent vaccines involve the injection of a live and virulent infectious agent, while live attenuated vaccines are commonly used and involve intact and viable organisms with reduced virulence.

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    Immunisation - Vaccines PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of immunization with this quiz on passive and active immunization, ideal vaccine requirements, infectious and non-infectious vaccines, and possible vaccine side-effects.

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