Podcast
Questions and Answers
Media conglomerates have maintained rigid organizational structures without granting autonomy to affiliates.
Media conglomerates have maintained rigid organizational structures without granting autonomy to affiliates.
False
Global networks are essential for mastering resources required in global media production.
Global networks are essential for mastering resources required in global media production.
True
More than 50 percent of the world’s population lived in cities a century ago.
More than 50 percent of the world’s population lived in cities a century ago.
False
The urbanization rate is expected to exceed 60 percent by the year 2030.
The urbanization rate is expected to exceed 60 percent by the year 2030.
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Economic and technological changes due to globalization have diminished the importance of cities.
Economic and technological changes due to globalization have diminished the importance of cities.
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Employment patterns in global cities are increasingly directed towards information-oriented manpower.
Employment patterns in global cities are increasingly directed towards information-oriented manpower.
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When discussing a country, major cities like Tokyo and New York are often not associated with it.
When discussing a country, major cities like Tokyo and New York are often not associated with it.
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Structural shifts in the global economy have played no role in elevating cities on the global stage.
Structural shifts in the global economy have played no role in elevating cities on the global stage.
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The Baby Boom generation refers to people born between 1946 and 1964.
The Baby Boom generation refers to people born between 1946 and 1964.
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Post-war, the fertility rates in the developed world showed a consistent increase.
Post-war, the fertility rates in the developed world showed a consistent increase.
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Population momentum refers to the growing population in countries regardless of declining birth rates.
Population momentum refers to the growing population in countries regardless of declining birth rates.
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An increasing proportion of elderly people can positively impact economic growth.
An increasing proportion of elderly people can positively impact economic growth.
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Life expectancy rising has no effects on savings and investment in education.
Life expectancy rising has no effects on savings and investment in education.
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The demographic shifts occurring in the developed world are primarily caused by an aging population.
The demographic shifts occurring in the developed world are primarily caused by an aging population.
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Developing countries have experienced a decline in population due to fewer births.
Developing countries have experienced a decline in population due to fewer births.
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A solid working median age is essential for sustaining economic growth in nations with both aging and highly dependent populations.
A solid working median age is essential for sustaining economic growth in nations with both aging and highly dependent populations.
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Infant mortality rates in developed countries are expected to decline to 4 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2050.
Infant mortality rates in developed countries are expected to decline to 4 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2050.
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The global life expectancy in 2023 is projected to be approximately 75 years.
The global life expectancy in 2023 is projected to be approximately 75 years.
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The average life expectancy of Filipino females is higher than that of Filipino males.
The average life expectancy of Filipino females is higher than that of Filipino males.
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Population aging is occurring more rapidly in developing countries compared to developed countries.
Population aging is occurring more rapidly in developing countries compared to developed countries.
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The average life expectancy for Filipinos is lower than the global average.
The average life expectancy for Filipinos is lower than the global average.
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Child mortality rates have increased in both developed and developing countries over the past decades.
Child mortality rates have increased in both developed and developing countries over the past decades.
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The proportion of individuals aged 80 or over is expected to rise to 4 percent of the global population by 2050.
The proportion of individuals aged 80 or over is expected to rise to 4 percent of the global population by 2050.
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The life expectancy of the world increased by 0.24% from 2021 to 2022.
The life expectancy of the world increased by 0.24% from 2021 to 2022.
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COVID-19 has led to decreased mortality rates globally.
COVID-19 has led to decreased mortality rates globally.
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The pandemic has accelerated population aging trends in many countries.
The pandemic has accelerated population aging trends in many countries.
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Migration patterns have remained unchanged during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Migration patterns have remained unchanged during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Disadvantaged populations have been less affected by the health impacts of COVID-19.
Disadvantaged populations have been less affected by the health impacts of COVID-19.
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Higher COVID-19 mortality rates may lead to a temporary decline in overall population growth.
Higher COVID-19 mortality rates may lead to a temporary decline in overall population growth.
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COVID-19 has simplified the challenges faced by healthcare systems regarding an aging population.
COVID-19 has simplified the challenges faced by healthcare systems regarding an aging population.
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The total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases globally by 2023 is approximately 767 million.
The total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases globally by 2023 is approximately 767 million.
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Structural inequalities have no impact on health outcomes during the pandemic.
Structural inequalities have no impact on health outcomes during the pandemic.
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An initial fall in mortality rates leads to a decrease in the young population for subsequent generations.
An initial fall in mortality rates leads to a decrease in the young population for subsequent generations.
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Fertility rates rise when parents realize they do not need to have as many children to reach their desired family size.
Fertility rates rise when parents realize they do not need to have as many children to reach their desired family size.
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The age dependency ratio compares dependents to the working-age population.
The age dependency ratio compares dependents to the working-age population.
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Thomas Malthus believed that population growth would lead to resource abundance.
Thomas Malthus believed that population growth would lead to resource abundance.
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The baby boom cohort is larger than the preceding and following cohorts in the age structure.
The baby boom cohort is larger than the preceding and following cohorts in the age structure.
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Investing in the education and health of young people is vital for long-term economic growth.
Investing in the education and health of young people is vital for long-term economic growth.
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Population growth was universally accepted as beneficial for economic development before the 1960s.
Population growth was universally accepted as beneficial for economic development before the 1960s.
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The working age population is defined as individuals between the ages of 20 to 64.
The working age population is defined as individuals between the ages of 20 to 64.
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Droughts in Sudan have increased access to food and water for many people.
Droughts in Sudan have increased access to food and water for many people.
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Push factors for migration are primarily negative aspects of the sending country.
Push factors for migration are primarily negative aspects of the sending country.
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Pull factors are described as negative aspects of the receiving country.
Pull factors are described as negative aspects of the receiving country.
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Network factors can include the cost of travel and ease of communication.
Network factors can include the cost of travel and ease of communication.
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The push-pull model of migration categorizes factors that are unrelated to the local conditions of both sending and receiving states.
The push-pull model of migration categorizes factors that are unrelated to the local conditions of both sending and receiving states.
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Flooding is considered a push factor for migration.
Flooding is considered a push factor for migration.
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The lack of safety and high criminality are both considered pull factors.
The lack of safety and high criminality are both considered pull factors.
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Governments in the developing world often have sufficient resources to tackle environmental disasters.
Governments in the developing world often have sufficient resources to tackle environmental disasters.
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Study Notes
Global City Dynamics
- Global cities are the pulsating centers of human civilization, ideas transcend borders, and cultures blend (Angela Merkel)
- Intended Learning Outcomes: Gain a fuller understanding of global cities, analyze their significance (economic, political, socio-cultural), correlate them with globalization and relate the topic to the Philippines.
- Global cities have undergone dramatic changes over time due to technology, cultural exchange, migration and economic progress.
- Cities are now ecosystems for businesses.
- Globalization is a concept to analyze dynamic and dialectic articulations of global and local processes.
- Major cities command and control nodes in the global reach of large corporations.
- Cities are becoming more porous to global forces, local actors are taking an interest to restructure their cities as globally competitive, creating new policies of place-making under conditions of globalizing capitalism.
- Global cities are primary nodes in the global economic network (Alderson and Beckfield, 2004).
- Global cities are hubs within a globalized economic system.
- Global cities serve as important focal points for business, globalization, trade, finance, tourism, and globalization.
Essential Traits of a Global City
- Presence of international financial services (finance, insurance, real estate, banking, accountancy, and marketing).
- Headquarters of multinational corporations (MNCs) which seek investment because they host advanced producer services , their cosmopolitan environments, and interconnectedness to the global market
- Existence of financial headquarters, stock exchange, and major financial institutions
- Domination of trade and economy of a surrounding area.
Major Manufacturing Centers
- Global cities like Hongkong possess massive port and container infrastructure to facilitate international commerce and trade.
High Percentage of Residents Employed in Services and Information Sector
- The presence of technologically driven businesses requires a skilled, information-oriented workforce.
- Industries like tourism and hospitality are prevalent in these cities.
High-Quality Educational Institutions
- Global cities often host renowned universities, fostering a strong human capital base, encouraging academia–industry linkages, and international student attendance.
- Examples include but not limited to Paris, Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo, London, and New York.
Multi-functional Infrastructure
- They offer access to high-quality legal, medical, and entertainment facilities.
High Diversity in Language, Culture, Religion, and Ideologies
- Urban spaces reflect the cultural dynamics of global cities.
- Global cities are places of hybridity and multicultural interactions.
Flashpoints on the Concept of a Global City (Sassen)
- Geographic dispersal of economic activities is a key factor in global city growth.
- Central functions of large firms are often outsourced to specialized service firms.
- Headquarters of firms locate in global cities for access to specialized service firms and globalized markets.
- Locating in global cities gives firms more freedom to choose specific locations,
- Global economic fortunes of cities are increasingly disconnected from their domestic economies.
- Growth of informal economic activity in global cities due to global dynamics.
Global City Mobility
- Global cities are focal points of immigration, attracting skilled and unskilled labor due to job opportunities and a higher standard of living.
- A complex interplay between economic, social, and political dynamics drives migration to cities.
- The presence of global cities influences the location decisions of businesses and individuals, which in turn affects migration patterns.
- Migrants face a complex interplay of push factors (negative elements in their home country) and pull factors (attractive elements of the destination country) that influence their decision to migrate..
- While global cities offer opportunities, migrants often face challenges in terms of integration, access to services, and social cohesion, including discrimination.
- Global cities and their rapid urbanization can create strains on infrastructure and social services, leading to social inequalities and poverty.
Global Demography
- Demographic patterns influence global migration and economic and political policies of nation-states.
- Global population is aging, and the proportion of elderly people is growing more rapidly in developed countries.
- High increase in global population in developing countries.
- Birth and death rates vary significantly across countries.
- The global fertility rate is projected to decline further, and more people are living longer.
- The changing age structures and growing populations globally and within specific regions will necessitate adjustments in healthcare systems, pension schemes, labor markets, and relationships between generations.
- Climate change and environmental factors increasingly drive migration (e.g. desertification, flooding, sea-level rise).
Disruption of Birth Rates
- Economic uncertainty, job losses, and financial constraints affect birth rates
- Restrictions to access healthcare during the crisis impacted birth rates,
- Lockdown measures may reduce opportunities for new partnerships or pregnancies
Increased Mortality Rates
- COVID-19 had a substantial impact on mortality rates, specifically among older adults with underlying health conditions.
Urbanization and Migration
- Migration is closely linked to urbanization; many migrants are drawn to urban areas seeking better employment and living standards
- Increased migration into cities places stress on infrastructure, housing, and social services, leading potentially to social inequalities and poverty.
- Successful integration of migrants for greater social cohesion
- Effective Migration governance and policies are of importance.
- Climate change and migration
Environmental Disaster-Driven Migration
- Environmental problems, such as famine, climate change, and natural disasters, can cause the loss of money, homes, and jobs, resulting in people emigrating.
Push-Pull Factors of Migration
- Push factors are negative aspects in the home country that drive people to leave,
- Pull factors are the positive aspects in the destination country that draw people in.
- Network factors (communication, international business trends) influence migration, impacting countries and global migration.
Migration and Globalization
- Globalization has influenced migration and vice versa in complex ways.
- Ease of travel, technological advances, and communication make migration easier.
Technological Advancements and Communication
- Advancements in transportation technology have made it easier for people to migrate across borders
- Improved communication has helped migrants connect with their home countries while gaining more knowledge about potential destinations and other related migration processes.
Cultural Exchange and Transnationalism
- Cultural globalization creates aspirations for different lifestyles and experiences, motivating migration.
- Transnationalism (maintenance of ties with home countries) contributes to cultural diversity.
Political Factors and Global Governance
- International frameworks and agreements aim to address migration challenges.
Diaspora Engagement and Remittances
- Diaspora communities contribute to the development of countries from which people migrated.
- Remittances, sent by migrants, significantly influence the economies of many developing countries.
Global Challenges and Migration
- Global challenges (conflicts, climate change) impact migration patterns.
- Globalization has intensified the effects of these challenges on migration flows.
- Travel restrictions, border closures, and economic uncertainties affect migration patterns.
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Description
Explore the complex interplay between urbanization, media conglomerates, and demographic trends in this quiz. Test your knowledge on how global networks shape cities and the implications of economic changes on urban development. Dive into key concepts like the Baby Boom generation and population momentum.
