Upper Respiratory Tract Overview
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Upper Respiratory Tract Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the conducting zone of the respiratory tract?

  • Facilitating gas exchange
  • Filtering out blood pathogens
  • Conducting air without gas exchange (correct)
  • Regulating body temperature

    • Which characteristic is true about the bronchial structure?

  • Contains cartilaginous rings throughout
  • Is primarily involved in gas exchange
  • Is lined with squamous epithelium
  • Has a smooth muscle layer beneath the epithelium (correct)

    • What happens to airway resistance during an asthma attack?

  • It decreases due to increased airflow.
  • It remains constant across the respiratory tract.
  • It increases due to bronchial obstruction. (correct)
  • It only increases in the nasal passages.

    • What role does the diaphragm play during the respiratory process?

    <p>It helps decrease intrapleural pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the respiratory epithelium found in the conducting zone?

    <p>It contains cilia and goblet cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells in the respiratory epithelium of the pharynx secrete mucus?

    <p>Goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure serves as the pathway for both air and food?

    <p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of seromucous glands in the lamina propria of the pharynx?

    <p>Secrete mucus and serous fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the pharynx is located behind the nasal cavity?

    <p>Nasopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do blood vessels in the lamina propria primarily do in the pharynx?

    <p>Warm the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sensory cells in the pharynx?

    <p>Trigger reflex actions like coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pharynx connects directly to the larynx?

    <p>Laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dominant characteristic of respiratory epithelium in the pharynx?

    <p>Ciliated columnar epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of structure, what type of tissue primarily makes up the walls of the pharynx?

    <p>Dense connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nasal anatomy is primarily responsible for receiving and conditioning air?

    <p>Nasal Cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of turbinates in the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>Slow down air flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is included in the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>Nasal passages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the respiratory tract?

    <p>Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pharynx is directly involved in the respiratory system?

    <p>Nasopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of goblet cells in the nasal mucosa?

    <p>Secrete mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the vocal cords reside within the larynx?

    <p>Glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the nasal vestibule?

    <p>Prevent foreign bodies from entering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the respiratory system begins at the level of the glottis?

    <p>Lower respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature aids in the filtration of air as it passes through the nasal passages?

    <p>Vibrissae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The larynx functions in which of the following ways?

    <p>Regulates airflow into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is not found in the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is associated with the inhalation of air but lacks olfactory receptors?

    <p>Nasal Vestibule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which epithelium type assists in the movement of mucus in the respiratory system?

    <p>Ciliated Columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Upper Respiratory Tract

    • Includes nasal passages, pharynx, and larynx (up to the glottis)

    Nasal Passages

    • Nasal vestibule: lined with skin and hair (vibrissae)
    • Nasal cavities: lined with respiratory epithelium
      • Roof: olfactory epithelium
      • Lateral walls: respiratory epithelium
    • Turbinates: boney projections that slow down airflow, enabling air conditioning and filtering
      • Goblet cells: secrete mucus
      • Ciliated columnar cells: move mucus
    • Nasal mucosa: mucous membrane under the microscope
    • Seromucous glands: in lamina propria (beneath epithelium)
    • Blood vessels: in lamina propria to warm the air

    Pharynx

    • Nasopharynx: behind the nasal cavity
    • Oropharynx: behind the mouth
    • Laryngopharynx: connects to the larynx

    Larynx

    • Contains the vocal cords (glottis)
    • Laryngeal inlet: opening to the larynx
    • Cavity of larynx: space within the larynx

    Lower Respiratory Tract

    • Includes sub-glottis, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

    Respiratory Epithelium

    • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium: with goblet cells
      • Ciliated columnar cells: move mucus
      • Goblet cells: secrete mucus
      • Sensory cells: responsible for sneezing and coughing

    Functional Division of the Respiratory Tract

    • Conducting zone: nose to terminal bronchiole

      • No gas exchange: this area is considered "anatomically dead space"
      • Airway resistance: primarily occurs in the bronchi
      • Asthma: can increase airway resistance

    • Respiratory zone: respiratory bronchioles to alveoli

      • Gas exchange: occurs in the alveoli
      • Surfactant: helps reduce surface tension in the alveoli

    Bronchi

    • Lined with respiratory epithelium
    • Has smooth muscle beneath the epithelium
    • Has broken cartilage in its walls
    • Contains seromucous glands

    Bronchioles

    • Lumen diameter is approximately 15 ml

    Inspiration

    • Diaphragm contracts, chest wall expands
    • Intrapleural pressure decreases further, causing a negative intra-alveolar pressure, leading to inspiration
    • Reduced lung expansion: can be caused by positive intrapleural pressure

    Key Facts

    • The upper respiratory tract ends at the glottis
    • Goblet cells and ciliated columnar cells are part of the respiratory epithelium
    • The conducting zone is responsible for transporting air, while the respiratory zone is responsible for gas exchange
    • The bronchi have broken cartilage, while the bronchioles do not.
    • The alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the lungs.

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    Anatomy Of The Respiratory System PDF

    Description

    Dive into the anatomy of the upper respiratory tract, including the nasal passages, pharynx, and larynx. Learn about the structure and functions of key components like the nasal vestibule, turbinates, and the vocal cords. This quiz will test your knowledge of respiratory anatomy and its intricate workings.

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