Understanding Correlation in Psychology Research
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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to the measurement of the extent to which pairs of related values of two variables tend to change together?

  • Variance
  • Regression
  • Correlation (correct)
  • Causation

In a positive correlation, what happens as one variable tends to increase?

  • The other variable remains constant
  • The other variable fluctuates randomly
  • The other variable decreases
  • The other variable also increases (correct)

What type of relationship is described as when one variable increases, so does the other variable, but only up to a certain point?

  • Positive correlation
  • Causation
  • Negative correlation
  • Curvilinear relationship (correct)

In which type of curvilinear relationship do both variables increase together up to a certain point?

<p>Curvilinear relationship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of correlational methods in research?

<p>Finding relationships between variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an experimental method from a correlational method?

<p>Experimental methods establish causation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between experimental and correlational research?

<p>Experimental research involves manipulating an independent variable, while correlational research only involves observing variables. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study is best for generalizing conclusions to other populations or settings?

<p>Correlational study (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common way to collect data for a correlational study?

<p>Using questionnaires and surveys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are variables treated in a correlational study compared to an experimental study?

<p>Variables are observed in both correlational and experimental studies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of analysis is commonly used to determine the association between variables in a correlational study?

<p>Regression analysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research allows for drawing conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships?

<p>Experimental research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Correlation

  • Correlation is the measurement of the extent to which pairs of related values of two variables tend to change together or co-vary.
  • Positive correlation: one variable tends to increase with the other variable.
  • Negative correlation: one variable tends to decrease as the other variable increases.

Types of Correlation

  • Curvilinear relationship: when one variable increases, the other variable increases up to a certain point, after which, the other variable decreases.
  • Inverted U-shaped curve: graph representation of a curvilinear relationship where one variable increases, the other variable increases up to a certain point, then decreases.
  • U-shaped curve: graph representation of a curvilinear relationship where one variable increases, the other variable decreases up to a certain point, then both variables increase together.

Research Methods

  • Experimental methods: used to test cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
  • Correlational methods: used to test the association between variables.

Experimental vs Correlational Research

  • Experimental research:
    • Manipulates an independent variable and measures a dependent variable.
    • Controls extraneous variables to ensure high internal validity.
    • Allows for conclusions about causality.
  • Correlational research:
    • Observes variables without manipulation.
    • Limited control over extraneous variables.
    • High external validity, allows for generalizability to other populations or settings.

Correlational Study

  • A correlational study has no manipulation by the researcher and yields statistical results.
  • Common data collection techniques: questionnaires, surveys, and psychometric tests (e.g. IQ tests, measures of depressive symptoms, and tests of attitudes).
  • Data is typically plotted on a scatterplot and analyzed using regression analysis to determine the line-of-best fit.

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Description

Learn the difference between a correlation and correlational study in psychology research. Explore how correlation is measured and identified, including positive and negative correlations between variables.

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