Psychology Research Methods Quiz

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Which coefficient indicates the strongest correlation?

+0.5

+0.7

-0.2

-0.8 (correct)

Which coefficient indicates the weakest correlation?

+0.1

+0.8

-0.2 (correct)

-0.9

What is the independent variable in the example of an experiment about violent cartoons?

Aggressive play definition

Violent TV programs (correct)

Watch time of cartoons

Children's aggressive behavior

What does the term operationalization refer to in an experiment?

The specific definition of a variable Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of having a control group in an experiment?

To provide a comparison for the experimental group Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first African American woman to obtain a Ph.D. in psychology?

Inez Beverly Prosser Signup and view all the answers

What principle in Gestalt psychology emphasizes the relationship between a figure and its background?

Figure-ground relationship Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic approach is based on Sigmund Freud's work and emphasizes the unconscious mind?

Psychoanalysis Signup and view all the answers

How did Watson contribute to the field of psychology?

By focusing solely on observable behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus of the psychodynamic perspective?

Conditioning of observable behavior Signup and view all the answers

What did Freud propose about childhood experiences?

They shape unconscious motivations Signup and view all the answers

What was the main ethical concern highlighted by Watson's experiment with 'Little Albert'?

Fear conditioning without acknowledgement of the child’s emotions Signup and view all the answers

Which modern psychological perspective incorporates both Freud’s theories and those of the Neo-Freudians?

Psychodynamic Perspective Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of laboratory observation in research?

It offers control over the environment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant disadvantage of case studies?

They cannot apply findings to other individuals. Signup and view all the answers

In a survey, why is it important to ensure a representative sample?

To ensure the results are meaningful and applicable to the population. Signup and view all the answers

What does a correlation coefficient of 0.0 indicate?

There is no correlation between the variables. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement defines positive correlation?

As one variable increases, the other also increases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of values for a correlation coefficient?

-1.00 to +1.00 Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary risk of using surveys for data collection?

Low response rates may bias the results. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a case study?

An in-depth examination of a single individual. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random assignment in an experiment?

To provide equal chances for each subject to be assigned to any group. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a single-blind study?

Subjects are unaware of their group assignments to reduce the placebo effect. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a double-blind study?

Neither the subjects nor the experimenter knows the group assignments. Signup and view all the answers

What is an institutional review board responsible for?

Judging proposed research studies for safety and ethical considerations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the common ethical guidelines for conducting research with participants?

Data should only be confidential within the research team. Signup and view all the answers

What is the placebo effect?

Changes in behavior resulting from participants’ expectations. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to protect the rights and well-being of participants in research?

To balance scientific value with ethical considerations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using animals in psychological research?

To answer questions that cannot be ethically examined in human studies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of operant conditioning according to Skinner?

The impact of pleasant and unpleasant consequences on voluntary behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements aligns with the humanistic perspective of psychology?

Individuals have free will and can shape their own destinies. Signup and view all the answers

In the cognitive perspective, which aspect primarily influences behavior?

Thought processes and mental functions Signup and view all the answers

What does the sociocultural perspective focus on?

The relationship between social behavior and culture Signup and view all the answers

What does the biopsychological perspective attribute behavior to?

Biological events occurring within the body Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about psychologists and psychiatrists?

Psychologists may have specialized training in various areas of psychology. Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential first step in the scientific method?

Perceiving the question Signup and view all the answers

Which method is most likely to provide a realistic picture of behavior?

Naturalistic observation Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable disadvantage of naturalistic observation?

Unique settings may limit the generalizability of findings. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'self-actualization' signify in humanistic psychology?

Achieving one’s full potential Signup and view all the answers