SM Quiz: Leadership in Social Media

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Questions and Answers

According to the text, what are some factors that resource mobilization theorists consider in relation to leaders?

Availability of outside support

Operation of social control

Recognition and action on opportunities

All of the above (correct)

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a type of leader identified by Wilson (1973)?

Transactional (correct)

Charismatic

Ideological

Pragmatic

According to the text, what is the main focus of the political process approach in social movement theory?

Leadership and agency

Structures of political opportunity (correct)

Mobilizing structures

Human agency

According to the text, what is one limitation of the entrepreneurial-organizational version of resource mobilization theory?

Lack of strategic decision making Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what are some of the roles of leaders in social movements?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why leadership in social movements has not been adequately theorized?

Failure to integrate agency and structure Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the risk of focusing solely on great leaders in social movements?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How does the text define movement leaders?

Strategic decision-makers who inspire and organize others to participate in social movements Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, why have women historically gained access to leadership and status in social movements?

Because they were related to influential men Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is a 'bridge leader'?

A leader who connects potential followers to the movement Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the concern with an overly broad definition of leadership in social movements?

It could lead to neglect of power dynamics in movement leadership Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, why is the social composition of top leadership positions important in social movements?

Because leaders with different backgrounds make different strategic choices Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what are the conflicting requirements for a leader in a social movement?

To inspire participants and link the movement to the larger society Signup and view all the answers

According to Weber's theory of charismatic leadership, what role do followers play in imputing charisma to leaders?

Followers assign charisma to leaders based on their relational approach Signup and view all the answers

According to Robert Michels's theory of political leadership, what happens to leaders in large bureaucratic organizations?

Leaders become part of the power elite and prioritize organizational maintenance over the original goals of the movement Signup and view all the answers

According to Zald and Ash, how do organizational characteristics affect the demands placed on leaders?

Organizational characteristics, such as structural requirements for membership, determine the focus of leaders' tasks Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, why do educated individuals often land leadership positions in social movements?

Because they are best suited to design and preside over social movement tasks. Signup and view all the answers

Which fields of study are considered highly relevant to movement leaders according to the text?

Social sciences, humanities, and arts. Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the role of educational capital in social movement leadership?

It is more accessible for members of privileged classes. Signup and view all the answers

What are some ways in which social movement leaders acquire leadership positions according to the text?

By having prior leadership roles. Signup and view all the answers

Which social class is most likely to produce leaders of social movements?

Upper class Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the key resource that social movement leaders derive from their privileged backgrounds?

Educational capital Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the intellectual tasks that social movement leaders need to perform well?

Analytic tasks Signup and view all the answers

Why is formal education important for social movement leaders?

To acquire advanced reading and writing skills Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of having privileged outsiders as leaders in social movements?

They bring fresh viewpoints and social contacts. Signup and view all the answers

According to Marx and Useem (1971), what can mixed leadership teams in social movements generate?

Conflicts based on ideological disagreements. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Marx and Useem's (1971) research on leadership in social movements?

The disadvantages of mixed leadership teams. Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what do privileged outsiders bring to the leadership circle in social movements?

Fresh viewpoints and social contacts. Signup and view all the answers

What can be expected in insider/outsider interactions in social movements, according to Marx and Useem (1971)?

Conflicts based on ideological disagreements. Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what are the disadvantages of having privileged outsiders as leaders in social movements?

They generate conflicts based on ideological disagreements. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Resource mobilization theorists consider factors such as the ability to inspire and mobilize followers, and the ability to negotiate and manage resources.

Types of Leaders

Wilson (1973) identifies three types of leaders: charismatic, ideological, and entrepreneurial leaders.
A 'bridge leader' is not identified by Wilson (1973) as a type of leader.

Political Process Approach

The main focus of the political process approach is on the broader political context in which social movements operate.

Resource Mobilization Theory

One limitation of the entrepreneurial-organizational version of resource mobilization theory is that it overemphasizes the role of leaders as entrepreneurs.

Roles of Leaders

Leaders in social movements play roles such as inspiring and mobilizing followers, negotiating and managing resources, and making strategic decisions.

Theorizing Leadership

Leadership in social movements has not been adequately theorized due to a lack of attention to the social composition of top leadership positions.

Focusing on Great Leaders

The risk of focusing solely on great leaders in social movements is that it overlooks the importance of collective action and participatory democracy.

Defining Movement Leaders

Movement leaders are individuals who are able to inspire and mobilize followers, and make strategic decisions for the movement.

Women in Leadership

Historically, women have gained access to leadership and status in social movements because they have been more likely to participate in grassroots activism.

The social composition of top leadership positions is important because it affects the movement's ability to mobilize resources and make strategic decisions.

Conflicting Requirements for Leaders

Leaders in social movements face conflicting requirements such as being charismatic and inspiring, while also being bureaucratic and organized.

Weber's Theory of Charismatic Leadership

According to Weber's theory, followers play a role in imputing charisma to leaders.

Robert Michels's Theory of Political Leadership

According to Michels, leaders in large bureaucratic organizations become conservative and resistant to change.

Organizational Characteristics and Leadership

Organizational characteristics such as size and structure affect the demands placed on leaders.

Educated Individuals and Leadership

Educated individuals often land leadership positions in social movements because their education provides them with skills and knowledge that are valuable to the movement.

Relevant Fields of Study

Fields of study such as sociology, psychology, and politics are highly relevant to movement leaders.

Educational Capital and Leadership

Educational capital provides individuals with skills and knowledge that can be used to acquire leadership positions in social movements.

Acquiring Leadership Positions

Social movement leaders acquire leadership positions through a combination of personal characteristics, skills, and opportunities.

Members of the middle and upper classes are more likely to produce leaders of social movements.

Privileged Backgrounds and Leadership

Social movement leaders derive a key resource from their privileged backgrounds: educational capital.

Intellectual Tasks

Social movement leaders need to perform intellectual tasks such as strategic planning, communication, and decision-making.

Formal Education and Leadership

Formal education is important for social movement leaders because it provides them with skills and knowledge that are valuable to the movement.

Advantages of Privileged Outsiders

One advantage of having privileged outsiders as leaders in social movements is that they bring new skills and knowledge to the movement.

Mixed Leadership Teams

Mixed leadership teams in social movements can generate creative solutions and innovative strategies.

Marx and Useem's Research

Marx and Useem's (1971) research focuses on the role of privileged outsiders in social movement leadership.

Privileged Outsiders and Leadership

Privileged outsiders bring new skills, knowledge, and perspectives to the leadership circle in social movements.

Insider/Outsider Interactions

Insider/outsider interactions in social movements can be tense and conflictual, but can also generate creative solutions and innovative strategies.

Disadvantages of Privileged Outsiders

One disadvantage of having privileged outsiders as leaders in social movements is that they may be disconnected from the grassroots of the movement.

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Description

Exploring Gender Inequalities in Social Movement Leadership: Test your knowledge on the historical barriers faced by women in gaining leadership roles within social movements, using the civil rights movement as a case study. Learn about the challenges women encountered and the ways they accessed leadership positions. Challenge your understanding of gender dynamics in social activism.

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