Khan p 291-300
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Questions and Answers

What is culture shock primarily characterized by?

  • Feelings of disorientation and uncertainty (correct)
  • Adapting quickly to new environments
  • Rapid acceptance of cultural differences
  • Familiarity with local customs
  • Which of the following is an example of diffusion?

  • The resistance to adopting foreign ideas
  • The adoption of local customs by immigrants
  • The spread of McDonald's in Asia (correct)
  • The invention of new technology
  • Which aspect can lead to culture shock when moving to a new country?

  • Weather differences (correct)
  • Availability of familiar foods
  • Shared linguistic origins
  • Similar legal systems
  • What is culture primarily concerned with within a society?

    <p>The customs and practices that influence social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cultural assimilations typically occur?

    <p>Through interpenetration and fusion with the dominant culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes society?

    <p>An organization of people living in proximity with shared culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a historical example of diffusion?

    <p>The spread of democracy and capitalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does not facilitate diffusion?

    <p>Cultural isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does culture change over time?

    <p>It is learned and can be reshaped with each generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What analogy is used to describe the relationship between culture and society?

    <p>Culture is the software, society is the hardware.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might cause an individual from an Islamic country to experience culture shock in Western Europe?

    <p>Different public displays of affection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Modernization Theory suggest about the development of countries?

    <p>Countries can develop similarly with enough time and assistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Dependency Theory differ from Modernization Theory?

    <p>It states that third world countries have unique structures influencing their poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of culture?

    <p>Culture can only be defined by physical objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common feelings associated with culture shock?

    <p>Sadness and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of society meets basic human needs?

    <p>Social institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key belief of Hyper-globalists regarding national governments?

    <p>National governments' importance is diminishing due to global interdependence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do different cultures exist around the globe?

    <p>Diversity in ways of living and sharing knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Skeptics believe about the current state of globalization?

    <p>Regionalization is more prevalent than globalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when culture is described as adaptive?

    <p>It evolves and adjusts according to circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of culture within a society?

    <p>To provide guidelines for actions and interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory emphasizes the importance of having resources to support social movements?

    <p>Resource Mobilization Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of high culture?

    <p>It is associated with wealth and formality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of Regressive or Reactionary social movements?

    <p>They resist social change to maintain traditional values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Rational Choice Theory suggest regarding societal behaviors?

    <p>Decisions are made by weighing various actions for the best benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do subcultures differ from micro-cultures?

    <p>Subcultures are larger and can support people throughout their lifespan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible outcomes for social movements as they evolve over time?

    <p>They can either fail and fade away or succeed and integrate into society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of normative culture?

    <p>Observing laws and avoiding crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the concept of cumulative culture?

    <p>Culture builds upon existing ideas and evolves over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of counterculture?

    <p>It promotes ideas that oppose mainstream societal values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is culture transmitted from one generation to the next?

    <p>By direct teaching and shared experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to refer to mainstream cultural practices?

    <p>Normative culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the functionalist perspective assign to mass media in society?

    <p>To provide entertainment and socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does gatekeeping in the context of mass media primarily refer to?

    <p>The selection process deciding what information is presented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the conflict perspective view the function of mass media?

    <p>As a tool for perpetuating existing social divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what effect does media have on consumer culture?

    <p>It enhances the promotional reach of consumer products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential negative consequence of mass media as highlighted in the functionalist perspective?

    <p>Glorification of socially unacceptable behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic is identified as predominantly making choices within the realm of media production?

    <p>Wealthy, white, male individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of information dissemination is particularly controlled in big-budget movies compared to online platforms?

    <p>Gatekeeping practices on content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a type of mass media?

    <p>Private conversations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tokenism in the context of representation in media?

    <p>Adding one minority character to represent an entire group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does feminist theory relate to mass media representation of gender roles?

    <p>It emphasizes traditional gender roles and stereotypes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What perspective focuses on the micro-level impacts of media on daily behavior?

    <p>Interactionist perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, culture is primarily learned through which of the following means?

    <p>Observation, interactions, and biological components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Darwin's Theory of Evolution suggest about traits and behaviors?

    <p>Both physical traits and behaviors can be selected for by their contribution to species success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do environmental conditions have on physical traits in species, as suggested by the example of finches?

    <p>Environmental conditions can lead to selection for traits that best suit survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are women typically portrayed in media according to the content?

    <p>As shallow and obsessed with their appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant misconception regarding mass media representation?

    <p>Media accurately reflects all segments of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Feeling of Deserving Better

    • Conventional methods are useless for getting help.
    • People join social movements even if they don't feel deprived.
    • Risk is high for oppressed groups to join movements due to lack of resources.
    • Social movements are not created when all three factors (deprivation, resources, and awareness) are present.

    Resource Mobilization Theory

    • Focuses on resources that help/hinder social movements.
    • Access to resources (money, materials, influence) is crucial.
    • Organized base of people with shared ideas.
    • A strong leader/charismatic figure is necessary.

    Rational Choice Theory

    • Individuals consider the pros and cons of different actions.
    • Decisions are based on self-interest.
    • Behavior is shaped by these choices in society.
    • Assumes people can rank and weigh actions based on knowledge of outcomes.
    • Social movements can affect those not directly involved, leading to panics or fads.

    Social Movement Stages

    • Shared idea by a few people.
    • The public becomes aware of the problem.
    • The group organizes and rallies.
    • The movement either changes society or adapts.

    Demographics

    • Urbanization: movement of people from rural to urban areas, viewing it as functional, and conflictual.
    • Functionalist perspective: cities are centers of culture and diversity, but also crime.
    • Conflict theory: cities concentrate inequality; the elite benefit while the poor resources.
    • Symbolic Interactionism: cities are culture hubs with strong norms.
    • Migration, fertility, and mortality rates.
    • Fertility: rate people are born into a population.
    • Mortality: rate at which people die.
    • Migration: factors including emigration and immigration.

    World Systems Theory

    • World is a single social unit divided into three regions.
    • Core countries: independent, industrialized
    • Periphery countries: dependent
    • Semi-periphery countries: in-between

    Modernization Theory

    • Countries follow a similar path to development.
    • From traditional to modern.

    Dependency Theory

    • Third world countries' situations stem from unfavorable economic conditions.
    • Poor economies are perpetuated by their position in the world system

    Hyper-globalists, skeptics, and transformationalists

    • Hyper-globalists: Individual countries less important.
    • Skeptics: world becoming regionalized.
    • Transformationalists: Importance of national governments changing.

    Transnational Corps

    • Companies operate across borders.
    • Lower costs through cheaper materials and labor.
    • Negative effect: countries compete for cheapest labor.
    • Positive effect: interconnections

    Globalization affects culture and economies.

    • Affects cultures and economies of countries with foreign ties. 

    Culture and Society

    • Culture: shared knowledge, beliefs, values, and behaviours.
    • Ways of thinking and acting.
    • Society: people interacting in a geographic region

    Culture Lag

    • Material culture changes rapidly.
    • Non-material culture changes slowly.
    • Examples are technology and the laws regarding it.

    Culture Shock

    • Disorientation from unfamiliar culture practices.
    • When unfamiliar culture is encountered.

    Diffusion

    • Spreading of ideas/discoveries.

    Mass Media

    • Dissemination of information and how it's shared in culture, transmitted via TV, media, radio, and internet.
    • Enforces social norms.
    • Promotes consumerism.
    • Portrays or reflects social divisions such as race, gender, and class.
    • Gatekeeping: control of information presented to public.

    Feminist Theories

    • Media stereotypes men and women inappropriately.
    • Women are victims, men are aggressors.
    • Portrays women as shallow, obsessed with appearance.
    • Uses the term gatekeeping for controlling media information.

    Evolution and Human Culture

    • Darwin's theory: physical traits/behaviors selected for if they improve species' success.
    • Behaviors selected for if they contribute to fitness.
    • Cultural universals: customs and practices found throughout all cultures.
    • Evolution shaped human culture, but culture also shaped evolution.

    Subcultures and Countercultures

    • Subculture: smaller groups within a larger society.
    • Differentiate through unique values, beliefs, and practices.
    • Counterculture: conflicts with larger society's values.
    • Developed their own norms/values to live by.

    Culture Segments

    • Normative culture: adheres to broader social norms.
    • Popular culture: mainstream experiences and attitudes.
    • High culture: associated with wealth and formality.

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