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Questions and Answers
What is culture shock primarily characterized by?
What is culture shock primarily characterized by?
Which of the following is an example of diffusion?
Which of the following is an example of diffusion?
Which aspect can lead to culture shock when moving to a new country?
Which aspect can lead to culture shock when moving to a new country?
What is culture primarily concerned with within a society?
What is culture primarily concerned with within a society?
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How do cultural assimilations typically occur?
How do cultural assimilations typically occur?
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Which statement best describes society?
Which statement best describes society?
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What is a historical example of diffusion?
What is a historical example of diffusion?
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Which factor does not facilitate diffusion?
Which factor does not facilitate diffusion?
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How does culture change over time?
How does culture change over time?
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What analogy is used to describe the relationship between culture and society?
What analogy is used to describe the relationship between culture and society?
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What might cause an individual from an Islamic country to experience culture shock in Western Europe?
What might cause an individual from an Islamic country to experience culture shock in Western Europe?
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What does Modernization Theory suggest about the development of countries?
What does Modernization Theory suggest about the development of countries?
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How does Dependency Theory differ from Modernization Theory?
How does Dependency Theory differ from Modernization Theory?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of culture?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of culture?
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What are some common feelings associated with culture shock?
What are some common feelings associated with culture shock?
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What aspect of society meets basic human needs?
What aspect of society meets basic human needs?
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What is a key belief of Hyper-globalists regarding national governments?
What is a key belief of Hyper-globalists regarding national governments?
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Why do different cultures exist around the globe?
Why do different cultures exist around the globe?
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What do Skeptics believe about the current state of globalization?
What do Skeptics believe about the current state of globalization?
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What does it mean when culture is described as adaptive?
What does it mean when culture is described as adaptive?
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What is the primary function of culture within a society?
What is the primary function of culture within a society?
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Which theory emphasizes the importance of having resources to support social movements?
Which theory emphasizes the importance of having resources to support social movements?
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What is the primary characteristic of high culture?
What is the primary characteristic of high culture?
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What is one characteristic of Regressive or Reactionary social movements?
What is one characteristic of Regressive or Reactionary social movements?
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What does Rational Choice Theory suggest regarding societal behaviors?
What does Rational Choice Theory suggest regarding societal behaviors?
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How do subcultures differ from micro-cultures?
How do subcultures differ from micro-cultures?
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What are the possible outcomes for social movements as they evolve over time?
What are the possible outcomes for social movements as they evolve over time?
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Which of the following is an example of normative culture?
Which of the following is an example of normative culture?
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What best describes the concept of cumulative culture?
What best describes the concept of cumulative culture?
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What is a defining feature of counterculture?
What is a defining feature of counterculture?
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How is culture transmitted from one generation to the next?
How is culture transmitted from one generation to the next?
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What term is used to refer to mainstream cultural practices?
What term is used to refer to mainstream cultural practices?
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What role does the functionalist perspective assign to mass media in society?
What role does the functionalist perspective assign to mass media in society?
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What does gatekeeping in the context of mass media primarily refer to?
What does gatekeeping in the context of mass media primarily refer to?
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How does the conflict perspective view the function of mass media?
How does the conflict perspective view the function of mass media?
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According to the content, what effect does media have on consumer culture?
According to the content, what effect does media have on consumer culture?
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What is one potential negative consequence of mass media as highlighted in the functionalist perspective?
What is one potential negative consequence of mass media as highlighted in the functionalist perspective?
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Which demographic is identified as predominantly making choices within the realm of media production?
Which demographic is identified as predominantly making choices within the realm of media production?
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What aspect of information dissemination is particularly controlled in big-budget movies compared to online platforms?
What aspect of information dissemination is particularly controlled in big-budget movies compared to online platforms?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a type of mass media?
Which of the following is NOT considered a type of mass media?
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What is tokenism in the context of representation in media?
What is tokenism in the context of representation in media?
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How does feminist theory relate to mass media representation of gender roles?
How does feminist theory relate to mass media representation of gender roles?
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What perspective focuses on the micro-level impacts of media on daily behavior?
What perspective focuses on the micro-level impacts of media on daily behavior?
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According to the content, culture is primarily learned through which of the following means?
According to the content, culture is primarily learned through which of the following means?
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What does Darwin's Theory of Evolution suggest about traits and behaviors?
What does Darwin's Theory of Evolution suggest about traits and behaviors?
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What impact do environmental conditions have on physical traits in species, as suggested by the example of finches?
What impact do environmental conditions have on physical traits in species, as suggested by the example of finches?
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How are women typically portrayed in media according to the content?
How are women typically portrayed in media according to the content?
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What is a significant misconception regarding mass media representation?
What is a significant misconception regarding mass media representation?
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Study Notes
Feeling of Deserving Better
- Conventional methods are useless for getting help.
- People join social movements even if they don't feel deprived.
- Risk is high for oppressed groups to join movements due to lack of resources.
- Social movements are not created when all three factors (deprivation, resources, and awareness) are present.
Resource Mobilization Theory
- Focuses on resources that help/hinder social movements.
- Access to resources (money, materials, influence) is crucial.
- Organized base of people with shared ideas.
- A strong leader/charismatic figure is necessary.
Rational Choice Theory
- Individuals consider the pros and cons of different actions.
- Decisions are based on self-interest.
- Behavior is shaped by these choices in society.
- Assumes people can rank and weigh actions based on knowledge of outcomes.
- Social movements can affect those not directly involved, leading to panics or fads.
Social Movement Stages
- Shared idea by a few people.
- The public becomes aware of the problem.
- The group organizes and rallies.
- The movement either changes society or adapts.
Demographics
- Urbanization: movement of people from rural to urban areas, viewing it as functional, and conflictual.
- Functionalist perspective: cities are centers of culture and diversity, but also crime.
- Conflict theory: cities concentrate inequality; the elite benefit while the poor resources.
- Symbolic Interactionism: cities are culture hubs with strong norms.
- Migration, fertility, and mortality rates.
- Fertility: rate people are born into a population.
- Mortality: rate at which people die.
- Migration: factors including emigration and immigration.
World Systems Theory
- World is a single social unit divided into three regions.
- Core countries: independent, industrialized
- Periphery countries: dependent
- Semi-periphery countries: in-between
Modernization Theory
- Countries follow a similar path to development.
- From traditional to modern.
Dependency Theory
- Third world countries' situations stem from unfavorable economic conditions.
- Poor economies are perpetuated by their position in the world system
Hyper-globalists, skeptics, and transformationalists
- Hyper-globalists: Individual countries less important.
- Skeptics: world becoming regionalized.
- Transformationalists: Importance of national governments changing.
Transnational Corps
- Companies operate across borders.
- Lower costs through cheaper materials and labor.
- Negative effect: countries compete for cheapest labor.
- Positive effect: interconnections
Globalization affects culture and economies.
- Affects cultures and economies of countries with foreign ties.
Culture and Society
- Culture: shared knowledge, beliefs, values, and behaviours.
- Ways of thinking and acting.
- Society: people interacting in a geographic region
Culture Lag
- Material culture changes rapidly.
- Non-material culture changes slowly.
- Examples are technology and the laws regarding it.
Culture Shock
- Disorientation from unfamiliar culture practices.
- When unfamiliar culture is encountered.
Diffusion
- Spreading of ideas/discoveries.
Mass Media
- Dissemination of information and how it's shared in culture, transmitted via TV, media, radio, and internet.
- Enforces social norms.
- Promotes consumerism.
- Portrays or reflects social divisions such as race, gender, and class.
- Gatekeeping: control of information presented to public.
Feminist Theories
- Media stereotypes men and women inappropriately.
- Women are victims, men are aggressors.
- Portrays women as shallow, obsessed with appearance.
- Uses the term gatekeeping for controlling media information.
Evolution and Human Culture
- Darwin's theory: physical traits/behaviors selected for if they improve species' success.
- Behaviors selected for if they contribute to fitness.
- Cultural universals: customs and practices found throughout all cultures.
- Evolution shaped human culture, but culture also shaped evolution.
Subcultures and Countercultures
- Subculture: smaller groups within a larger society.
- Differentiate through unique values, beliefs, and practices.
- Counterculture: conflicts with larger society's values.
- Developed their own norms/values to live by.
Culture Segments
- Normative culture: adheres to broader social norms.
- Popular culture: mainstream experiences and attitudes.
- High culture: associated with wealth and formality.
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