24 Questions
What distinguishes an epidemic from an outbreak?
The geographic area covered and the number of focal points
Which term is used to describe an aggregation of relatively uncommon events or disease in space and/or time?
Cluster
What characterizes a Point source epidemic curve?
Rapid increase in cases followed by slower decline
Which type of epidemic curve involves a series of successively larger peaks, one incubation period apart?
Propagated
What triggers diseases like botulism, polio, and guinea worm?
An imbalance between host, agent, and environmental factors
Who are some responsible parties for the surveillance of infectious diseases?
Physicians, healthcare workers, laboratories
What are the objectives of an outbreak investigation?
Research methods for future prevention and control
What type of immunity protects the human body without prior exposure to a pathogen?
Innate immunity
What is the term used for an asymptomatic individual who is infected with a pathogen and can transmit it to others?
Patient Zero
Which concept refers to the development and reproduction of arthropods on the body's surface or in clothing?
Infestation
What is the term for the constant presence of a disease within a given geographic area or population?
Endemic
Which immunity arises from infection by an agent or through antibodies passed from mother to fetus?
Natural acquired immunity
What term describes an infection without clinical symptoms?
Subclinical infection
What is the term for an argument supporting mandatory, government-enforced vaccination?
'Collective Action for Mandatory Vaccination'
What does the 'Herd Immunity Threshold' refer to?
Average number of secondary infections from a single index case
Which community prevention measure involves water safety, sanitation, and isolation?
Environmental management
What does 'Epidemic' refer to?
Excess occurrence of a disease in a community
What is the purpose of calculating the Secondary Attack Rate?
To assess the infectivity of an infectious disease agent
Why are cancer cases more likely to be perceived as part of a cluster?
Involving a type of cancer in a group usually affected by that cancer
What challenges can arise when investigating cancer clusters?
Time gap between exposure and cancer development
Which step is NOT typically involved in every outbreak investigation?
Implementing disease control measures
What is the main purpose of generating and testing hypotheses in epidemiological investigations?
Formulating explanations for observed patterns
Which measure is used to calculate the Attack Rate?
$\frac{\text{Number of new cases in group - Initial cases}}{\text{Number of susceptible people - Initial cases}} \times 100$
What do Case Reports focus on?
Providing a detailed analysis of a single case of disease
Test your knowledge on different types of infections and manifestations, including clinical, subclinical, latent, and infestation. Learn about the characteristics and differentiation between various types of infections.
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