Tuberculosis Overview and Screening
13 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for tuberculosis?

  • Through the ingestion of infected animals
  • Through contaminated food and water
  • By inhaling aerosolized bacteria (correct)
  • Direct contact with infected individuals

    • What immune cells are responsible for engulfing and destroying Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

  • T lymphocytes
  • Neutrophils
  • Macrophages (correct)
  • B lymphocytes

    • What is the name of the lesions that form in the lungs as a result of the body's immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

  • Cysts
  • Tumors
  • Granulomas (correct)
  • Abscesses

    • Which of the following is NOT a symptom of tuberculosis?

    <p>Fever and chills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended number of early morning sputum samples to be collected for an acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture?

    <p>Three (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum size of induration considered a positive result for a Mantoux skin test in an immunocompromised patient?

    <p>5 mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diagnostic tests is a blood test used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Quantiferon gold blood test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is TRUE about the BCG vaccine?

    <p>It can result in false-positive results on Mantoux skin tests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for placing a patient with tuberculosis in a negative airflow room?

    <p>To prevent the spread of the disease to other patients and staff (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is NOT commonly used to treat tuberculosis?

    <p>Azithromycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the mnemonic "ripe orange" represent in relation to tuberculosis treatment?

    <p>The four common medications used to treat tuberculosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should a patient with tuberculosis provide a sputum sample during their treatment?

    <p>Every few weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a patient with tuberculosis considered to be no longer infectious?

    <p>After three negative sputum cultures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tuberculosis (TB) Overview

    • TB is a lung infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
    • Transmission is airborne, via aerosolization, reaching the alveoli.
    • Triggers an immune response, macrophage ingestion, and granuloma formation.
    • Macrophages are crucial for pathogen detection and destruction.

    Symptoms and Screening

    • Symptoms include cough lasting >3 weeks, purulent/bloody sputum, unexplained weight loss, night sweats, and lethargy.
    • These symptoms are screened for during hospital admission.
    • Positive response means airborne precautions are initiated until ruled out.

    Diagnostics

    • QuantiFERON Gold blood test: Detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Simple blood test.
    • Mantoux skin test: Intradermal injection, read 48-72 hours. Induration (hardening) assessed.
      • 10mm induration = positive (active/previous infection).
      • 5mm induration = positive (immunocompromised).
      • BCG vaccine (TB vaccine) can cause false positives.
    • Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture: Inoculates clinical specimen for bacterial growth. Three early morning sputum samples are required.
    • Chest x-ray: Checks for active lung lesions.

    Treatment

    • Combination drug therapy (4 antibiotics).
    • Treatment duration: 6-12 months.
    • Common medications include rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.
    • Mnemonic: "ripe orange" (first letters & rifampin effect)

    Nursing Care

    • Negative airflow room (airborne precautions).
    • N95 masks for all room entrants.
    • Surgical masks for patient movement.
    • TB screening of family members.
    • Regular sputum samples during therapy (until 3 negative cultures).
    • Patients are no longer considered infectious after 3 negative sputum cultures.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz delves into the basics of tuberculosis (TB), its transmission, and immune responses. It covers key symptoms for screening, important diagnostic tests like QuantiFERON Gold and Mantoux skin test, and their interpretations. Test your knowledge about TB's impact and management through this informative quiz.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser