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Tuberculosis Causes and Characteristics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary agent of human mycobacterial disease?

M.tuberculosis

How is M.bovis primarily acquired?

Through the ingestion of unpasteurized milk.

What characteristic makes M.tuberculosis acid-fast?

Its high content of mycolic acids and other lipids in the cell wall.

Which groups in the United States are primarily affected by TB?

HIV-infected adults, immigrants, the elderly, and marginalized populations. Signup and view all the answers

What method is commonly used to transmit pulmonary TB?

Through droplet nuclei aerosolized by coughing, sneezing, or speaking. Signup and view all the answers

At what pH level does tuberculosis infection typically occur?

A usual pH of approximately 7.3. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the high content of mycolic acids in the cell wall of M.tuberculosis play in its staining characteristics?

It prevents decolorization by acid alcohol, allowing the organism to be classified as acid-fast. Signup and view all the answers

How does aerosol transmission contribute to the spread of pulmonary TB?

Aerosol droplet nuclei are produced by infected individuals when they cough, sneeze, or speak, allowing the bacteria to infect others. Signup and view all the answers

Why are certain populations, such as HIV-infected individuals and immigrants, more affected by TB in the U.S.?

These groups may have weakened immune systems or may be exposed to conditions that increase susceptibility to TB. Signup and view all the answers

What factors could contribute to the pathology seen in patients with pulmonary TB?

Factors include the immune response to the bacteria, tissue damage from inflammation, and how rapidly the disease progresses. Signup and view all the answers

How does the pH level typically observed in cases of TB compare to normal physiological pH, and what implications does this have?

The usual pH of around 7.3 is slightly lower than normal physiological pH, which may affect bacterial survival and immune response. Signup and view all the answers

In what ways does the transmission dynamics of TB differ among marginalized populations compared to the general population?

Marginalized populations may experience higher rates of transmission due to factors like crowded living conditions and limited access to healthcare. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tuberculosis (TB) Cause

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by organisms in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.
M. tuberculosis is the most common and important cause of human mycobacterial disease.
M. bovis, and several other mycobacterial species, are acquired through ingesting unpasteurized milk.

M. tuberculosis Characteristics

M. tuberculosis is a thin, aerobic bacillus.
It stains neutral under Gram staining, but is acid-fast after staining.
Acid-fastness is due to a high concentration of mycolic acids and lipids in the cell wall. Acid alcohol cannot decolorize the bacteria.

TB in the US

In the U.S., TB mainly affects HIV-positive adults, immigrants, the elderly, and vulnerable/disadvantaged/marginalized populations.

Transmission of Pulmonary TB

Pulmonary TB is spread by aerosolized droplet nuclei from an infected person's coughing, sneezing, or speaking.
Droplets spread the disease.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of Tuberculosis (TB), including its causes, the characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the demographics affected by the disease in the U.S. Explore the transmission methods of pulmonary TB and understand the significance of mycobacterial infections.