40 Questions
What percentage of the population 65 years and older experience dry mouth and diminished salivary output?
30%
What is the most common cause of salivary disorders?
Prescription and non-prescription medications
How much can salivary output decline within one week of the start of irradiation?
60–90%
What is the total dose to salivary tissues that allows for some recovery?
25 Gy
What is the result of receiving more than 25 Gy of radiation to salivary tissues?
Salivary glands undergo atrophy and become fibrotic
What is the benefit of amplified flavors in older adults?
They can increase salivary flow and immunity
What is the purpose of amplified flavors in older adults?
To compensate for sensory losses
How many medications are associated with salivary gland dysfunction as an adverse side-effect?
More than 400
What is the primary feature of Sjögren's syndrome?
Xerostomia
Which autoimmune disease is NOT associated with secondary Sjögren's syndrome?
Alzheimer's disease
What is the primary aetiological agent of periodontal disease?
Plaque
What is the characteristic of the principal collagen fibre bundles in aged periodontal ligament?
Thicker, broader and highly organized
What is the characteristic of the alveolar bone in aged periodontal ligament?
Jagged and uneven
What is the effect of aging on areas occupied by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in periodontal fibroblasts?
Significantly decreased
What is the characteristic of intercellular contacts in aged periodontal fibroblasts?
Significantly decreased in number and increased in size
What is the characteristic of collagen profiles in aged periodontal fibroblasts?
Significantly decreased
What is the primary reason for remodelling of the articular surfaces and disc in the TMJ?
In response to functional changes following tooth loss
What is the result of disc displacement in the TMJ?
Joint damage due to perforation
What is the effect of advancing age on muscle mass?
Reduction in total muscle mass
What is the effect of age-related changes in neurotransmitters on muscle function?
Results in motor dysfunction
What is the change in peripheral nerve function with age?
Decrease in conduction velocity
What is the effect of advancing age on masticatory force?
Reduces masticatory force
What is the adaptation of elderly patients to changes in chewing activity?
Adapt their chewing behaviour
What is the result of retro-discal tissue changes in the TMJ?
Decreased cellularity and vascularity
What is dentinal sclerosis associated with?
Tooth wear and caries
What is the characteristic of translucent dentine in dentinal sclerosis?
Similar to glass
What is the effect of dentine sclerosis on the use of adhesive systems?
May affect the use of adhesive systems
What is the characteristic of radicular dentine sclerosis?
Roots become brittle and may fracture
Where does the increased translucency of the root start in dentine sclerosis?
At the apex in the peripheral dentine just beneath the cementum
What happens to the pulp horns with age?
They reduce in height
What is the characteristic of the pulp with age?
It becomes less vascular, less cellular and more fibrotic
What percentage of original odontoblasts is lost between 20 and 70 years?
50%
What is the primary effect of age-related hypogonadism on bone physiology?
Impaired bone remodeling
What is the primary role of sex steroids in bone physiology?
Modulation of bone remodeling
What is the primary cause of dry mouth in older adults?
Diminished salivary output
What is the primary consequence of pulp stones in older adults?
Increased risk of pulpitis
What is the primary role of saliva in oral health?
Buffering acidity
What is the primary characteristic of oral changes in older adults?
Decreased oral sensation
What is the primary effect of age-related oral changes on nutrition?
Decreased food intake
What is the primary association between salivary hypofunction and food consumption in older adults?
Decreased food consumption
This quiz covers the age-related changes in the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ), including remodelling of the articular surfaces and disc, and its effects on functional changes. Learn about the adaptive changes in retro-discal tissues and how they can lead to disc displacement and perforation.
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