TMJ Age Changes and Remodelling

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What percentage of the population 65 years and older experience dry mouth and diminished salivary output?

50%

40%

30% (correct)

20%

What is the most common cause of salivary disorders?

Tricyclic antidepressants

Head and neck cancers

External beam radiation

Prescription and non-prescription medications (correct)

How much can salivary output decline within one week of the start of irradiation?

60–90% (correct)

30–40%

90–100%

20–30%

What is the total dose to salivary tissues that allows for some recovery?

25 Gy Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of receiving more than 25 Gy of radiation to salivary tissues?

Salivary glands undergo atrophy and become fibrotic Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of amplified flavors in older adults?

They can increase salivary flow and immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of amplified flavors in older adults?

To compensate for sensory losses Signup and view all the answers

How many medications are associated with salivary gland dysfunction as an adverse side-effect?

More than 400 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of Sjögren's syndrome?

Xerostomia Signup and view all the answers

Which autoimmune disease is NOT associated with secondary Sjögren's syndrome?

Alzheimer's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aetiological agent of periodontal disease?

Plaque Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the principal collagen fibre bundles in aged periodontal ligament?

Thicker, broader and highly organized Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the alveolar bone in aged periodontal ligament?

Jagged and uneven Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aging on areas occupied by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in periodontal fibroblasts?

Significantly decreased Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of intercellular contacts in aged periodontal fibroblasts?

Significantly decreased in number and increased in size Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of collagen profiles in aged periodontal fibroblasts?

Significantly decreased Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for remodelling of the articular surfaces and disc in the TMJ?

In response to functional changes following tooth loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of disc displacement in the TMJ?

Joint damage due to perforation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of advancing age on muscle mass?

Reduction in total muscle mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of age-related changes in neurotransmitters on muscle function?

Results in motor dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the change in peripheral nerve function with age?

Decrease in conduction velocity Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of advancing age on masticatory force?

Reduces masticatory force Signup and view all the answers

What is the adaptation of elderly patients to changes in chewing activity?

Adapt their chewing behaviour Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of retro-discal tissue changes in the TMJ?

Decreased cellularity and vascularity Signup and view all the answers

What is dentinal sclerosis associated with?

Tooth wear and caries Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of translucent dentine in dentinal sclerosis?

Similar to glass Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of dentine sclerosis on the use of adhesive systems?

May affect the use of adhesive systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of radicular dentine sclerosis?

Roots become brittle and may fracture Signup and view all the answers

Where does the increased translucency of the root start in dentine sclerosis?

At the apex in the peripheral dentine just beneath the cementum Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pulp horns with age?

They reduce in height Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the pulp with age?

It becomes less vascular, less cellular and more fibrotic Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of original odontoblasts is lost between 20 and 70 years?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of age-related hypogonadism on bone physiology?

Impaired bone remodeling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of sex steroids in bone physiology?

Modulation of bone remodeling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of dry mouth in older adults?

Diminished salivary output Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of pulp stones in older adults?

Increased risk of pulpitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of saliva in oral health?

Buffering acidity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of oral changes in older adults?

Decreased oral sensation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of age-related oral changes on nutrition?

Decreased food intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary association between salivary hypofunction and food consumption in older adults?

Decreased food consumption Signup and view all the answers