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Questions and Answers
The pancreas has both endocrine and ______ functions.
The pancreas has both endocrine and ______ functions.
exocrine
Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the ______ system.
Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the ______ system.
blood
Examples of exocrine glands include sweat and ______ glands.
Examples of exocrine glands include sweat and ______ glands.
salivary
The kidneys secrete ______ as part of their function.
The kidneys secrete ______ as part of their function.
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The total body water in a 70 kg human is approximately ______ liters.
The total body water in a 70 kg human is approximately ______ liters.
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Eating salty popcorn can make us feel ______.
Eating salty popcorn can make us feel ______.
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Homeostasis is a fundamental principle of ______.
Homeostasis is a fundamental principle of ______.
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The lungs and kidneys are considered ______ systems.
The lungs and kidneys are considered ______ systems.
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Water balance in the body is maintained by various ______.
Water balance in the body is maintained by various ______.
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The ______ gland secretes melatonin.
The ______ gland secretes melatonin.
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Total Body H2O of a 70 kg human is approximately ______ L
Total Body H2O of a 70 kg human is approximately ______ L
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The Total Intracellular Fluid (ICF) is ______ L
The Total Intracellular Fluid (ICF) is ______ L
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Total Extracellular Fluid is ______ L
Total Extracellular Fluid is ______ L
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Interstitial fluid is the extracellular fluid that ______ cells
Interstitial fluid is the extracellular fluid that ______ cells
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3 L of plasma is the liquid component of ______
3 L of plasma is the liquid component of ______
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Daily loss of water includes 1.5 L from the ______
Daily loss of water includes 1.5 L from the ______
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Physiologically, we could last almost ______ days without water intake.
Physiologically, we could last almost ______ days without water intake.
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Osmolarity in both ICF and ECF stays the same at approximately ______ mOsm.
Osmolarity in both ICF and ECF stays the same at approximately ______ mOsm.
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33% of all water surrounds the ______ million million cells in the body.
33% of all water surrounds the ______ million million cells in the body.
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Exercise and external temperature can dramatically affect the rate of water ______.
Exercise and external temperature can dramatically affect the rate of water ______.
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Water is absorbed in the ______.
Water is absorbed in the ______.
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In the kidneys, water is ______ and reabsorbed.
In the kidneys, water is ______ and reabsorbed.
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Water can leave the body through secretion and evaporation in the ______ and skin.
Water can leave the body through secretion and evaporation in the ______ and skin.
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Diarrhea results from secretion and/or lack of absorption in the ______.
Diarrhea results from secretion and/or lack of absorption in the ______.
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Filtration and secretion are processes that occur in the ______.
Filtration and secretion are processes that occur in the ______.
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Water cannot cross a ______ bilayer.
Water cannot cross a ______ bilayer.
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Transport proteins form pores in the ______.
Transport proteins form pores in the ______.
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The glomerulus has gaps between ______.
The glomerulus has gaps between ______.
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Plasma is continually ______ through the kidneys.
Plasma is continually ______ through the kidneys.
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Water reabsorption is an essential function of the ______.
Water reabsorption is an essential function of the ______.
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Epithelial tissue primarily functions to protect, secrete, absorb, and ______.
Epithelial tissue primarily functions to protect, secrete, absorb, and ______.
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Epithelial cells are characterized by having ______ blood vessels.
Epithelial cells are characterized by having ______ blood vessels.
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The apical surface of epithelial cells is exposed to the ______ or internal open space.
The apical surface of epithelial cells is exposed to the ______ or internal open space.
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Homeostasis is the fundamental principle of ______.
Homeostasis is the fundamental principle of ______.
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Epithelial tissues can be classified into stratified or ______.
Epithelial tissues can be classified into stratified or ______.
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The basement membrane of epithelial tissue links the basolateral surface to ______ tissue.
The basement membrane of epithelial tissue links the basolateral surface to ______ tissue.
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Kidneys are responsible for absorbing and ______ blood.
Kidneys are responsible for absorbing and ______ blood.
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Sweat glands secrete sweat onto the ______.
Sweat glands secrete sweat onto the ______.
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Keratinized epithelial cells are typically ______ or dry.
Keratinized epithelial cells are typically ______ or dry.
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The lungs exchange gases and maintain tightly regulated moisture ______.
The lungs exchange gases and maintain tightly regulated moisture ______.
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Study Notes
Tissue IV – Epithelial
- Epithelial tissue protects, secretes, absorbs, and excretes.
- It covers body surfaces both inside and out, and forms glands.
- Epithelial tissue does not contain blood vessels but is able to reproduce readily.
- Epithelial cells are tightly packed together, defining the boundaries of body compartments.
Epithelial Membranes
- Epithelial membranes are formed by epithelial cells.
- They define boundaries between body compartments.
- Epithelial membranes can be stratified or monolayers.
- The apical surface of the membrane faces the outside or internal open space.
- The basolateral surface of the membrane is linked to connective tissue via the basement membrane.
- Epithelial cells are held together by tight junctions.
- There are two types of epithelial membranes: keratinized (dead/dry) and non-keratinized (alive/moist).
- Keratinized membranes are found in the outer layer of the skin, while non-keratinized membranes are found inside the mouth and lungs.
- Epithelial membranes are essential for maintaining the integrity of body compartments.
Epithelial Glands
- Epithelial tissue also forms glands, which secrete into or out of the body.
- There are two types of glands: endocrine and exocrine.
- Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
- Examples of endocrine glands include the pancreas (insulin), testes/ovaries (testosterone/estrogen).
- Exocrine glands secrete substances via ducts.
- Examples of exocrine glands include the pancreas (digestive enzymes), sweat glands, tear glands, salivary glands, and gastric glands.
- The classification of exocrine glands is based on their secretion location, such as tear glands, sweat glands, and salivary glands being classified as "outside" because their secretions are released onto body surfaces.
Inside versus Outside
- The "inside" of the body refers to the blood or lymph system.
- The "outside" of the body refers to the skin, lungs, kidney tubules, or digestive tract.
Body Water
- The human body is approximately 55-60% water by mass.
- Total body water in a 70 kg human is around 42 liters.
- The majority of water is located within cells, referred to as intracellular fluid (ICF).
- ICF comprises approximately 67% of total body water.
- Extracellular fluid (ECF) surrounds cells and makes up about 33% of total body water.
- ECF consists of plasma (liquid component of blood) and interstitial fluid (solution bathing cells).
- Even though ICF and ECF have different solute concentrations, their osmolarity is equal, preventing net water movement.
Water Balance
- The human body experiences daily water loss through urine (1.5 L), lungs (0.3 L), skin/sweat (0.6 L), and feces (0.1 L), totaling approximately 2.5 L per day.
- To avoid dehydration, water intake must match water loss.
- Exercise, external temperature, caffeine/alcohol/salt intake, and disease can significantly impact the rate of water loss.
- Water intake occurs via drinking and absorption in the gut, as well as reabsorption in the kidneys.
- Water loss occurs through secretion and evaporation from the lungs and skin, secretion in the gut, and filtration/secretion/lack of reabsorption in the kidneys.
Water Transport
- Water can cross epithelial barriers but cannot penetrate a lipid bilayer directly.
- Water transport occurs through two mechanisms: filtration and transport proteins.
- Filtration in the kidneys involves the passage of plasma through gaps between cells in the glomerulus.
- Reabsorption/secretion in other epithelial cells involves the use of transport proteins to form pores in the cell membrane.
- These mechanisms ensure that water can move across epithelial barriers to maintain proper bodily functions.
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Description
Explore the essential characteristics and functions of epithelial tissue in this quiz. Learn about epithelial membranes, their types, and the unique features that define them. Test your knowledge on how epithelial tissues contribute to protecting and forming the body's boundaries.
