Questions and Answers
What are the functions of body membranes?
What are the categories of body membranes?
Epithelial membranes and connective tissue membranes.
What is the cutaneous membrane?
Skin.
How does the mucous membrane differ depending on the location?
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What type of tissue makes up serous membranes?
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Which membranes are classified as serous membranes?
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What is the primary function of synovial membranes?
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What does the integumentary system include?
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What is one of the protective functions of skin?
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What are the three layers of skin?
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What is the composition of the epidermis?
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What characterizes the dermis?
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What is the primary function of subcutaneous tissue?
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The epidermis is composed of _____ layers.
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What is the deepest layer of the epidermis called?
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The stratum lucidum occurs in all types of skin.
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What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
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What indicates a critical burn?
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What type of burn destroys the entire skin layer?
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What is one common cause of skin infection?
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What is the main characteristic of basal cell carcinoma?
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Which of the following characteristics are part of the ABCD Rule for skin cancer detection?
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What are the three types of skin cancer?
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Skin cancer can occur in areas not exposed to sunlight.
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What can affect skin color?
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What happens to the skin with aging?
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Study Notes
Body Membranes
- Function to cover body surfaces, line cavities, and form protective sheets around organs.
- Classified into epithelial membranes (cutaneous, mucous, serous) and connective tissue membranes (synovial).
Cutaneous Membrane
- Known as skin, it is a dry membrane that serves as the outermost protective boundary.
- Composed of a superficial epidermis (keratinized stratified squamous epithelium) and underlying dense connective tissue (dermis).
Mucous Membrane
- Varied surface epithelium based on location: stratified squamous in mouth and esophagus, simple columnar in digestive tract.
- Always moist, adapted for absorption and secretion, supported by loose connective tissue (lamina propria).
Serous Membrane
- Comprises a simple squamous epithelium layer and a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.
- Lines closed body cavities, occurring in paired layers (visceral covers organs, parietal lines cavity walls).
Specific Serous Membranes
- Peritoneum (abdominal cavity), pleura (lungs), pericardium (heart).
Synovial Membrane
- Composed solely of connective tissue, lining fibrous capsules of joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths.
- Responsible for secreting lubricating fluid.
Integumentary System
- Made up of skin (cutaneous membrane) and skin derivatives like sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails.
Skin Functions
- Protects deeper tissues from mechanical, chemical, bacterial, UV, thermal damage, and desiccation.
- Plays a role in thermoregulation, excretion of urea and uric acid, synthesizes vitamin D, and senses touch, temperature, pressure, and pain.
Skin Structure
- Consists of the epidermis (most superficial), dermis (middle layer), and subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis, deep layer).
Epidermis
- Composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, is avascular, primarily made of keratinocytes.
Dermis
- Dense connective tissue located between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue, contains hair follicles.
Subcutaneous Tissue (Hypodermis)
- Anchors skin to underlying organs, composed mainly of adipose tissue, serves as a shock absorber and insulator.
Layers of the Epidermis
- Divided into five layers: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
Stratum Basale
- Deepest layer of the epidermis, adjacent to dermis, site of cell mitosis.
Stratum Lucidum
- Found only in thick skin like palms and soles, composed of dead cells from deeper layers.
Stratum Corneum
- Outermost layer, consists of shingle-like cells filled with keratin, which prevents water loss.
Skin Homeostatic Imbalances
- Includes burns, infections, and allergies.
Rule of Nines
- Method to assess burn extent; classifies body's surface into 11 areas, each accounting for roughly 9% of total area.
Burn Severity
- Classified into first-degree (epidermis only), second-degree (epidermis and upper dermis), and third-degree (full-thickness, painless, may require grafts).
Critical Burn Criteria
- Determined by body surface area affected by burns, particularly second and third-degree burns.
Infections
- Common types include athlete's foot (fungal), boils and carbuncles (bacterial), and cold sores (viral).
Skin Cancer Types
- Classified as benign (non-spreading) or malignant (spreading), with basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma being the most common types.
Developmental Aspects of Skin
- Thick, resilient skin in youth diminishes in elasticity and thickness with age; increased cancer risk due to sun exposure.
Skin Color Pigments
- Determined by melanin (varied shades), carotene (orange-yellow), and hemoglobin (red from blood cells).
Additional Notes
- The integumentary system encompasses skin and derivatives, with the lamina propria supporting mucous membranes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various types of body membranes, their functions, and classifications. This quiz covers epithelial and connective tissue membranes, including cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes, along with their specific structures and locations in the body.
