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Questions and Answers
Which of the following applications is NOT associated with collagen?
Which of the following applications is NOT associated with collagen?
Silk is produced primarily by Bombyx mori silkworm.
Silk is produced primarily by Bombyx mori silkworm.
True
What type of biomaterial is chitosan derived from?
What type of biomaterial is chitosan derived from?
Chitin
The primary function of fibrin in the body is __________.
The primary function of fibrin in the body is __________.
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Which of the following is classified as a glycosaminoglycan-derived biomaterial?
Which of the following is classified as a glycosaminoglycan-derived biomaterial?
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Polymers can only be homopolymers.
Polymers can only be homopolymers.
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Name one advantage and one disadvantage of using collagen as a biomaterial.
Name one advantage and one disadvantage of using collagen as a biomaterial.
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Alginate is extracted from __________.
Alginate is extracted from __________.
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Match each biomaterial to its primary characteristic:
Match each biomaterial to its primary characteristic:
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Which of the following polymers can form hydrogels?
Which of the following polymers can form hydrogels?
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Study Notes
Tissue Engineering Goals
- Objective to replace full organs or restore cellular functions using cells, growth factors, and scaffolds.
- Scaffolds serve as structural support that allows cells to adhere, migrate, and form tissues.
- Essential for scaffolds to mimic the functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM).
Classification of Natural Biomaterials
- Protein-based: Includes collagen, gelatin, silk, and fibrin.
- Polysaccharide-based: Comprises cellulose, chitin, chitosan, glucose, and alginate.
- Glycosaminoglycan-derived: Features hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparin sulfate, and keratin sulfate.
- Tissue/organ-derived: Derived from decellularized structures such as heart valves, blood vessels, and livers.
Collagen
- Provides structural integrity and regulates cellular behaviors.
- Comprises 28 isoforms, with types I-V being the most prevalent.
- Used in scaffolds for cartilage, bone, bioprosthetic heart valves, and nerve regeneration.
- Benefits include resorbability and minimal immune response, but has weak mechanical properties and unpredictable degradation rates.
Silk
- Sourced from spiders and insects, primarily from the Bombyx mori silkworm.
- Made up of fibroin (75-83%) and sericin (12-25%).
- Exhibits high tensile strength, biodegradability, and biocompatibility with little immune response.
- Applications include scaffolds for tissue engineering and surgical meshes for procedures like hernia repair.
Fibrin
- Plays a crucial role in blood coagulation by facilitating clot formation for tissue repair.
- Utilized as hemostatic materials, in tissue regeneration, and for surgical sealants like Tisseel and TachoSil.
Polymers
- Can be classified as homopolymers or copolymers (random, alternating, block, graft configurations) influencing their properties.
Hydrogels
- Defined as three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers, capable of significant water swelling.
- Example: Alginate-based hydrogels are commonly used for drug delivery and wound healing applications.
Alginate
- Extracted from brown algae, comprised of mannuronic acid (M) and guluronic acid (G).
- Known for biocompatibility and biodegradability, forming gels when interacting with divalent ions such as calcium (Ca²⁺).
- Utilized in various applications including scaffolds, wound healing, cell encapsulation, and drug delivery methods.
Chitin and Chitosan
- Chitin: A homopolymer present in the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of crustaceans.
- Chitosan: Derived from chitin through deacetylation, known for its antimicrobial properties and adaptability for various uses.
- Applications include wound dressings and scaffolds, often requiring combinations with other materials for enhanced efficacy.
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of tissue engineering, including the goals and classification of natural biomaterials. Learn about the importance of scaffolds and their role in mimicking the extracellular matrix for tissue restoration. Discover the diverse types of protein and polysaccharide-based materials used in bioengineering.
