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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?
- Control heart rate
- Regulate blood sugar levels
- Produce insulin
- Secrete thyroid hormones to maintain metabolism (correct)
What are the consequences of hypothyroidism in adults?
What are the consequences of hypothyroidism in adults?
- Body wasting and poor resistance to cold (correct)
- Excess heat production
- Severe mental retardation
- Tachycardia
What hormone controls the function of the thyroid gland?
What hormone controls the function of the thyroid gland?
- Estrogen
- Adrenaline
- Insulin
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (correct)
What is a consequence of excess thyroid secretion?
What is a consequence of excess thyroid secretion?
Which protein binds most of the circulating T4?
Which protein binds most of the circulating T4?
What is the half-life of transthyretin?
What is the half-life of transthyretin?
How much of the circulating T3 is formed by deiodination of T4?
How much of the circulating T3 is formed by deiodination of T4?
What serves to catabolize the thyroid hormones T4 and T3?
What serves to catabolize the thyroid hormones T4 and T3?
What is the primary regulator of thyroid function?
What is the primary regulator of thyroid function?
Which hormone inhibits TSH secretion in a negative feedback manner?
Which hormone inhibits TSH secretion in a negative feedback manner?
What happens to the thyroid gland with prolonged TSH stimulation?
What happens to the thyroid gland with prolonged TSH stimulation?
What is the term used to describe enlargement of the thyroid gland?
What is the term used to describe enlargement of the thyroid gland?
What is the main function of the thyroid gland?
What is the main function of the thyroid gland?
How is thyroglobulin secreted into the colloid?
How is thyroglobulin secreted into the colloid?
What enzyme mediates the oxidation and reaction of iodide with thyroglobulin?
What enzyme mediates the oxidation and reaction of iodide with thyroglobulin?
How does the secretion of thyroid hormone get controlled?
How does the secretion of thyroid hormone get controlled?
Which protein has the smallest capacity to bind T4 in plasma?
Which protein has the smallest capacity to bind T4 in plasma?
What is the approximate daily secretion of T3 by the human thyroid in nmol?
What is the approximate daily secretion of T3 by the human thyroid in nmol?
In plasma, what is the approximate level of total T4 in adults in nmol/L?
In plasma, what is the approximate level of total T4 in adults in nmol/L?
Which type of thyroid hormones are considered physiologically active in plasma?
Which type of thyroid hormones are considered physiologically active in plasma?
What is the mechanism of action of propylthiouracil and methimazole in treating hyperthyroidism?
What is the mechanism of action of propylthiouracil and methimazole in treating hyperthyroidism?
Which compound is responsible for reducing the conversion of T4 to T3 in extrathyroidal tissues?
Which compound is responsible for reducing the conversion of T4 to T3 in extrathyroidal tissues?
What is the treatment approach for severe cases of hyperthyroidism that leads to partial destruction of the thyroid gland?
What is the treatment approach for severe cases of hyperthyroidism that leads to partial destruction of the thyroid gland?
Why does Hashimoto thyroiditis initially present with excess thyroid hormone secretion and thyrotoxicosis?
Why does Hashimoto thyroiditis initially present with excess thyroid hormone secretion and thyrotoxicosis?
What is the main mechanism by which thyroid hormones exert their effects?
What is the main mechanism by which thyroid hormones exert their effects?
What are the primary physiological effects of thyroid hormones in the body?
What are the primary physiological effects of thyroid hormones in the body?
What are the consequences of hypothyroidism in neonatal life?
What are the consequences of hypothyroidism in neonatal life?
What effect does an increased proportion of α-myosin heavy chain have on the heart?
What effect does an increased proportion of α-myosin heavy chain have on the heart?
Which tissue experiences a catabolic effect due to stimulated lipolysis?
Which tissue experiences a catabolic effect due to stimulated lipolysis?
What is the metabolic effect on the gut as a result of thyroid hormone action?
What is the metabolic effect on the gut as a result of thyroid hormone action?
Which tissue benefits from the promotion of normal growth and skeletal development by thyroid hormones?
Which tissue benefits from the promotion of normal growth and skeletal development by thyroid hormones?
What is the primary hormone responsible for regulating thyroid function?
What is the primary hormone responsible for regulating thyroid function?
What is the consequence of prolonged TSH stimulation on the thyroid gland?
What is the consequence of prolonged TSH stimulation on the thyroid gland?
Which hormone inhibits TSH secretion as part of a negative feedback mechanism?
Which hormone inhibits TSH secretion as part of a negative feedback mechanism?
What is the syndrome of adult hypothyroidism generally called?
What is the syndrome of adult hypothyroidism generally called?
Which protein has the smallest capacity to bind T4 in plasma?
Which protein has the smallest capacity to bind T4 in plasma?
What is the approximate daily secretion of RT3 by the human thyroid in nmol?
What is the approximate daily secretion of RT3 by the human thyroid in nmol?
Which compound is responsible for reducing the conversion of T4 to T3 in extrathyroidal tissues?
Which compound is responsible for reducing the conversion of T4 to T3 in extrathyroidal tissues?
What is the normal total plasma T3 level in adults approximately?
What is the normal total plasma T3 level in adults approximately?
What is the recommended treatment approach for addressing iodide deficiency in developed countries?
What is the recommended treatment approach for addressing iodide deficiency in developed countries?
In cases of congenital hypothyroidism, what synthetic form of the thyroid hormone is typically given?
In cases of congenital hypothyroidism, what synthetic form of the thyroid hormone is typically given?
What are the characteristic symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
What are the characteristic symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
What is the primary factor determining the severity of mental deficiency in cases of iodine deficiency during pregnancy?
What is the primary factor determining the severity of mental deficiency in cases of iodine deficiency during pregnancy?
What effect does an increased rate of carbohydrate absorption in the gut as a result of thyroid hormone action have on metabolism?
What effect does an increased rate of carbohydrate absorption in the gut as a result of thyroid hormone action have on metabolism?
How do thyroid hormones primarily influence the heart's function?
How do thyroid hormones primarily influence the heart's function?
What is the main regulatory hormone responsible for stimulating the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones?
What is the main regulatory hormone responsible for stimulating the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones?
Which tissue is negatively affected by an increased metabolic rate due to stimulated oxygen consumption as a result of thyroid hormone action?
Which tissue is negatively affected by an increased metabolic rate due to stimulated oxygen consumption as a result of thyroid hormone action?
Thyroid peroxidase is not involved in the coupling as well as iodination of thyroid hormones.
Thyroid peroxidase is not involved in the coupling as well as iodination of thyroid hormones.
In the normal human thyroid, the average distribution of iodinated compounds is 3% MIT, 33% DIT, 35% T4, and 7% T3.
In the normal human thyroid, the average distribution of iodinated compounds is 3% MIT, 33% DIT, 35% T4, and 7% T3.
RT3 is formed by condensation of two DIT molecules.
RT3 is formed by condensation of two DIT molecules.
T3 is formed by condensation of MIT with DIT.
T3 is formed by condensation of MIT with DIT.
Hypothyroidism can only be caused by diseases of the thyroid gland.
Hypothyroidism can only be caused by diseases of the thyroid gland.
When dietary iodine intake is inadequate, the thyroid hypertrophies.
When dietary iodine intake is inadequate, the thyroid hypertrophies.
Drugs can never inhibit thyroid function.
Drugs can never inhibit thyroid function.
Iodide itself never inhibits thyroid function.
Iodide itself never inhibits thyroid function.
Graves disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism.
Graves disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism.
Antibodies to the TSH receptor stimulate the receptor in Graves disease.
Antibodies to the TSH receptor stimulate the receptor in Graves disease.
Plasma TSH levels are typically high in patients with Graves disease.
Plasma TSH levels are typically high in patients with Graves disease.
Exophthalmos is a common symptom of Graves disease.
Exophthalmos is a common symptom of Graves disease.
Thyroid hormones only exert their effects by binding to thyroid receptors on the cell membrane.
Thyroid hormones only exert their effects by binding to thyroid receptors on the cell membrane.
Hypothyroidism in neonatal life can lead to mental retardation and dwarfism.
Hypothyroidism in neonatal life can lead to mental retardation and dwarfism.
Overactivity of the thyroid gland caused by autoantibodies may result in body wasting, nervousness, and bradycardia.
Overactivity of the thyroid gland caused by autoantibodies may result in body wasting, nervousness, and bradycardia.
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