Hormone Binding Proteins

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Questions and Answers

What can be a cause of hypothyroidism?

Thyroid resection (correct)

Excessive iodine intake

Radiation therapy for cancer treatment

Adenoma

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism globally?

Thyroid nodules

Iodine deficiency (correct)

Thyroid cancer

Autoimmune disorders

What is a treatment option for hyperthyroidism?

Iodine supplements

Radioactive ablative therapy (correct)

Surgery to remove the adrenal gland

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy

What is a potential consequence of thyroid resection?

Hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers

What can cause hyperthyroidism if not enough is available?

Iodine Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules are hormones bound to in the blood?

Plasma proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in the blood?

To transport hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins can bind to hormones in the blood?

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of plasma proteins in relation to hormones?

To bind and transport hormones Signup and view all the answers

What type of hormone-binding molecules are albumin and transthyretin?

Plasma proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of suppressor T lymphocytes in Graves' disease?

To suppress the activity of helper T lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What type of antibodies are produced in Graves' disease?

Antibodies against follicular cell membrane antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of TSH-R [stim] Ab on thyroid follicular cells?

It stimulates hormone synthesis and secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which TSH-R [stim] Ab stimulates hormone synthesis and secretion?

By mimicking the action of TSH Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of excessive T4 and T3 production in Graves' disease?

Hyperthyroidism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition caused by pituitary adenomas?

Secondary hyperthyroidism Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of TSH secretion in pituitary adenomas?

Does not respond to normal T4 and T3 feedback Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pituitary adenomas on TSH secretion?

Increased TSH secretion Signup and view all the answers

In which patients does destructive thyroiditis typically occur?

Those with no underlying thyroid disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of secondary hyperthyroidism?

Pituitary gland dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What type of autoimmune thyroiditis is destructive thyroiditis?

Type II AIT Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between TSH secretion and T4 and T3 levels in pituitary adenomas?

TSH secretion does not respond to changes in T4 and T3 levels Signup and view all the answers

What medication is being questioned in its continued use?

Amiodarone Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between destructive thyroiditis and underlying thyroid disease?

Destructive thyroiditis typically occurs in patients with no underlying thyroid disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the context in which the use of amiodarone is being questioned?

In relation to destructive thyroiditis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hormone Binding and Causes of Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid hormones are bound to plasma proteins, including albumin, transthyretin, and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG).
Iatrogenic causes of hyperthyroidism include thyroid resection or radioactive ablative therapy for treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism worldwide.
Pituitary adenomas can cause secondary hyperthyroidism, a rare condition, by producing excessive TSH secretion that does not respond to normal T4 and T3 feedback.

Graves' Disease

In Graves' disease, a defect of suppressor T lymphocytes allows helper T lymphocytes to stimulate B lymphocytes to secrete antibodies against follicular cell membrane antigens.
The TSH receptor autoantibody (TSH-R [stim] Ab) directs against thyrotropin receptors at the thyroid gland, mimicking TSH.
When TSH-R [stim] Ab binds to the cell membrane TSH receptors, it stimulates hormone synthesis and secretion, leading to excessive production of T4 and T3.

Destructive Thyroiditis

Destructive thyroiditis (type II AIT) typically occurs in patients with no underlying thyroid disease.
Amiodarone, a medication, may contribute to thyroiditis.

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Description

This quiz covers the binding of hormones to plasma proteins, including albumin, transthyretin, and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). Review the different binding mechanisms and their importance in the body. Test your knowledge of hormone binding proteins and their functions!