Thyroid Gland and Hormones Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about thyroid hormones is INCORRECT?

Thyroid hormones are essential for the normal development of the skeletal, muscular and nervous systems in children.

Thyroid hormones have the ability to activate genes involved in glycolysis and ATP production leading to a calorigenic effect.

The majority of thyroid hormones are unbound and free to diffuse into target cells' tissues. (correct)

Thyroid hormones are primarily transported in the bloodstream bound to proteins called thyroid-binding globulins (TBGs).

Which of the following best describes the role of `C` cells in the thyroid gland?

Synthesis of thyroglobulin, a protein that serves as a precursor for thyroid hormones.

Secretion of thyroid hormones, `T4` and `T3`, in response to `TSH` stimulation.

Production and secretion of calcitonin hormone, which regulates calcium levels in the body. (correct)

Absorption of iodine ions (`I^--^`) from the blood to produce thyroid hormones.

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of thyroid hormones on the body?

Increased heart rate and force of contraction.

Stimulation of red blood cell formation.

Stimulation of insulin production by the pancreas. (correct)

Increased sensitivity to sympathetic nervous system stimulation.

What is the primary function of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the thyroid gland?

Stimulation of thyroid hormone synthesis and release by promoting the iodination of thyroglobulin. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the relationship between the thyroid gland and calcium homeostasis?

The thyroid gland indirectly regulates calcium levels through the production and release of calcitonin, influencing calcium excretion and absorption. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the effect of the absence of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on the thyroid gland?

The thyroid follicles become inactive, leading to cessation of both thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where are the receptors for thyroid hormones primarily located within target cells?

In the cytoplasm, on the surfaces of mitochondria, and in the nucleus. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between `T4` and `T3` in the synthesis and action of thyroid hormones?

T4 is inactive, while T3 is the primary active form responsible for the majority of thyroid hormone actions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological process is directly influenced by the "calorigenic effect" of thyroid hormones?

Regulation of body temperature through increased metabolic rate and heat generation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the thyroid follicles in the thyroid gland?

Storage and release of thyroid hormones in a colloid-filled cavity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Thyroid Gland

Lies below the larynx, consists of two lobes joined by isthmus.

Thyroid Follicles

Hollow spheres lined by cuboidal epithelium, surrounded by capillaries.