Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary hormone produced by follicular cells in the thyroid gland?
Which type of cells in the thyroid gland are responsible for producing Calcitonin?
What is the function of the thyroid hormones produced by follicular cells?
Where is the thyroid gland located in relation to the larynx?
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What two hormones are primarily stored in the follicles of the thyroid gland?
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What is a primary function of T4 (Thyroxine) and T3 in the body?
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Which process is NOT stimulated by T4 (Thyroxine) and T3?
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How do T4 (Thyroxine) and T3 influence energy production?
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In conjunction with which hormones do T4 (Thyroxine) and T3 accelerate body growth?
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What effect does lipolysis have when stimulated by T4 (Thyroxine) and T3?
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Study Notes
Thyroid Gland
- Located inferior to larynx, composed of two lobes.
- Follicular cells produce and store thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) within follicles.
- Parafollicular cells (C-cells) produce Calcitonin (CT).
Thyroid Hormones: Actions
- T4 (Thyroxine) and T3 (Triiodothyronine) increase basal metabolic rate.
- Stimulate protein synthesis, enhancing growth of nervous and skeletal systems along with hGH and insulin.
- Increase glucose and fatty acid utilization for ATP production.
- Promote lipolysis.
Thyroid Hormone Regulation
- Low blood levels of T3 and T4 trigger the hypothalamus to release Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH).
- TRH travels via hypophyseal portal veins to the anterior pituitary, stimulating the release of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH).
- TSH acts on thyroid follicular cells, promoting the release of T3 and T4 into the bloodstream.
- Elevated T3 levels inhibit TRH and TSH release, creating a negative feedback loop to regulate hormone levels.
Calcitonin
- Inhibits osteoclasts.
- Strengthens bones and decreases blood calcium levels (Ca2+).
- Its feedback control is based on blood calcium levels.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the thyroid gland, including the production and regulation of thyroid hormones T4 and T3. This quiz covers key concepts such as how these hormones influence metabolism and the feedback mechanisms involved in hormone regulation.
