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Thyroid Gland and Hormones Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary hormone produced by follicular cells in the thyroid gland?

Triiodothyronine (correct)

Thyroxin (correct)

Calcitonin

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Which type of cells in the thyroid gland are responsible for producing Calcitonin?

Follicular cells

Parafollicular cells (correct)

C-cells (correct)

All of the above

What is the function of the thyroid hormones produced by follicular cells?

Stimulate red blood cell production

Control metabolic rate (correct)

Increase pain sensitivity

Regulate calcium levels in the blood

Where is the thyroid gland located in relation to the larynx?

Inferior to larynx (A) Signup and view all the answers

What two hormones are primarily stored in the follicles of the thyroid gland?

Thyroxin and Triiodothyronine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of T4 (Thyroxine) and T3 in the body?

Increase basal metabolic rate (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which process is NOT stimulated by T4 (Thyroxine) and T3?

Glycogen breakdown (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do T4 (Thyroxine) and T3 influence energy production?

By increasing the use of glucose and fatty acids for ATP production (D) Signup and view all the answers

In conjunction with which hormones do T4 (Thyroxine) and T3 accelerate body growth?

Insulin and growth hormone (hGH) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does lipolysis have when stimulated by T4 (Thyroxine) and T3?

It aids in ATP production (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Thyroid Gland

Located inferior to larynx, composed of two lobes.
Follicular cells produce and store thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) within follicles.
Parafollicular cells (C-cells) produce Calcitonin (CT).

Thyroid Hormones: Actions

T4 (Thyroxine) and T3 (Triiodothyronine) increase basal metabolic rate.
Stimulate protein synthesis, enhancing growth of nervous and skeletal systems along with hGH and insulin.
Increase glucose and fatty acid utilization for ATP production.
Promote lipolysis.

Thyroid Hormone Regulation

Low blood levels of T3 and T4 trigger the hypothalamus to release Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH).
TRH travels via hypophyseal portal veins to the anterior pituitary, stimulating the release of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH).
TSH acts on thyroid follicular cells, promoting the release of T3 and T4 into the bloodstream.
Elevated T3 levels inhibit TRH and TSH release, creating a negative feedback loop to regulate hormone levels.

Calcitonin

Inhibits osteoclasts.
Strengthens bones and decreases blood calcium levels (Ca2+).
Its feedback control is based on blood calcium levels.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the thyroid gland, including the production and regulation of thyroid hormones T4 and T3. This quiz covers key concepts such as how these hormones influence metabolism and the feedback mechanisms involved in hormone regulation.