60 Questions
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?
Endocrine control of metabolic rate of tissues
What is the site of thyroid hormone synthesis?
Epithelial cells of the follicles
What is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?
Iodine
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on metabolic rate?
Increase in metabolic rate
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on growth and development?
Stimulation of linear growth
How do thyroid hormones travel in the blood?
Bound to proteins
What is the mechanism of action of thyroid hormones on target cells?
Diffusion into target cells and binding to intracellular receptors
What is the role of the hypothalamus in thyroid hormone regulation?
Release of thyroid-releasing hormone
What is the effect of high T3 and T4 levels on TSH production?
Suppression of TSH production
What is the role of the parafollicular C cells in the thyroid gland?
Release of calcitonin
What is the result of synergy with catecholamines?
Increased physiological effects of T3, T4, and norepinephrine
What is the function of calcitonin?
Reduce Ca2+ levels in the plasma
What is the opposite of calcitonin?
PTH
What is the result of underproduction of thyroid hormones in childhood?
Short stature and mental impairment
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on basal metabolic rate?
Thyroid hormones increase basal metabolic rate
What is a symptom of hypothyroidism?
Tiredness and lack of energy
What causes hyperthyroidism in most cases?
Graves disease
What is a symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Nervousness and anxiety
What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?
Hormone tablets to replace missing thyroid hormones
What is the function of Na+/K+ ATPase?
To pump constantly, expressing synergy with catecholamines
What is the primary effect of thyroid hormones on basal metabolic rate?
To increase heat generation
Which hormone regulates Ca2+ homeostasis?
Parathyroid hormone
What is the consequence of thyroid hormone deficiency in childhood?
Decreased growth and development
What is the effect of high TSH levels on the hypothalamus?
Suppression of TRH production
What is the function of the parafollicular C cells in the thyroid gland?
To produce calcitonin
What is the result of synergy between thyroid hormones and catecholamines?
Increased metabolic rate
Which of the following is a physiological effect of thyroid hormones?
Increasing energy production in cells
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland in regulating metabolic rate?
To increase metabolic rate
What is the primary function of calcitonin?
Decreasing calcium levels in the blood
What is a common symptom of hypothyroidism?
Depression and sensitivity to cold
Which hormone is responsible for regulating thyroid hormone synthesis?
Thyroid stimulating hormone
What is the consequence of thyroid hormone excess?
Increased metabolic rate
What is the effect of synergy between thyroid hormones and catecholamines?
Increasing the physiological effects of both
What is the role of the hypothalamus in regulating thyroid hormone levels?
To regulate thyroid hormone synthesis
What is the role of parathyroid hormone?
Increasing calcium levels in the blood
What is the opposite effect of calcitonin?
Parathyroid hormone
What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?
Taking hormone tablets
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on basal metabolic rate?
Increasing it
What causes hyperthyroidism in most cases?
Graves disease
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on growth and development?
Promoting growth
What is the primary consequence of underproduction of thyroid hormones in adults?
Weight gain and decreased energy
What is the primary mechanism by which parathyroid hormone regulates Ca2+ levels?
Increasing Ca2+ release from bones and increasing reabsorption in the kidneys
What is the primary effect of calcitonin on Ca2+ levels?
Decreases Ca2+ levels by stopping its release from bones
What is the primary effect of thyroid hormones on basal metabolic rate?
Increases basal metabolic rate
What is the primary effect of synergy between thyroid hormones and catecholamines?
Increases the physiological effects of thyroid hormones
What is the primary symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Sensitivity to heat and anxiety
What is the primary function of Na+/K+ ATPase in the thyroid gland?
Is always active and helps to maintain the thyroid gland's function
What is the primary regulatory mechanism of parathyroid hormone release?
Negative feedback by Ca2+ levels
What is the primary consequence of overproduction of thyroid hormones in adults?
Weight loss and increased energy
What is the primary site of thyroid hormone synthesis?
Thyroid gland
In the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, what is the effect of high T3 and T4 levels on TSH production?
Suppression of TSH production
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the thyroid gland?
Regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on metabolic rate?
Increased metabolic rate
What is the role of calcitonin in the thyroid gland?
Regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis
What is the effect of synergy between thyroid hormones and catecholamines?
Increased metabolic rate
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland in regulating metabolic rate?
Regulation of basal metabolic rate
What is the role of the parafollicular C cells in the thyroid gland?
Release of calcitonin
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on growth and development?
Increased growth and development
What is the mechanism of action of thyroid hormones on target cells?
Releasing a repressor from certain genes
What is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?
Iodine
Test your knowledge of the thyroid gland's structure and function, including its anatomy, anatomic relations, and physiology. Learn about the key concepts related to the thyroid gland and its disorders. This quiz is designed for year 1 students of Dr. Charlotte Illsley's class.
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