40 Questions
What is the primary function of calcitonin?
To prevent calcium loss from the skeleton
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on macronutrient metabolism?
They increase the breakdown of macronutrients
What is the result of an underactive thyroid gland?
Decreased energy levels and weight gain
What is the primary cause of hyperthyroidism?
Graves disease
What is the effect of parathyroid hormone on calcium levels?
It increases calcium levels in the bloodstream
What is the role of Na+/K+ ATPase in the thyroid gland?
To pump ions constantly
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on the growth of bone and nervous tissue?
They promote the growth of bone and nervous tissue
What is the result of an overactive thyroid gland?
Weight loss and increased energy levels
What is the mechanism by which calcitonin reduces calcium levels?
By decreasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on body temperature?
They increase body temperature
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland in the endocrine system?
Control of metabolic rate of tissues
Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What is the site of thyroid hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland?
Epithelial cells
What is the result of high T3 and T4 levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?
Suppression of TSH production
What is the primary function of calcitonin in the thyroid gland?
Regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?
To release thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)
What is the result of thyroid hormone binding to receptors in target cells?
Release of a repressor from certain genes
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on macronutrient metabolism?
Increased breakdown of glycogen and formation of glucose
What is the consequence of thyroid hormone deficiency in children and teenagers?
Decreased linear growth of bones
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the thyroid gland?
Regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis
What is the effect of the simultaneous release of T3, T4, and norepinephrine?
Increased physiological effects
How does calcitonin reduce Ca2+ levels in the blood?
By stopping bone resorption and allowing excretion of Ca2+
What is the primary role of parathyroid hormone?
To increase Ca2+ availability in the blood
What is the consequence of a lack of thyroid hormones in childhood?
Short stature and mental impairment
What is the effect of an overactive thyroid gland on body temperature?
It increases body temperature
What is the cause of most cases of hyperthyroidism?
Graves' disease
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on macronutrient metabolism?
It increases macronutrient metabolism
What is the consequence of an underactive thyroid gland on weight?
Weight gain
What is the role of Na+/K+ ATPase in the thyroid gland?
To maintain the resting membrane potential
What is the consequence of thyroid hormone deficiency on energy levels?
Decreased energy levels
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?
To release thyroid releasing hormone
What is the site of iodine utilization in the synthesis of thyroid hormones?
Follicular cells in the thyroid
What is the consequence of high triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels on thyroid stimulating hormone production?
Suppression of thyroid hormone synthesis
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on gene transcription?
Activation of gene transcription
What is the role of proteins synthesised in response to thyroid hormones?
To increase the breakdown of glycogen
What is the site of calcitonin synthesis and secretion?
Parafollicular C cells
What is the role of thyroid hormones in macronutrient metabolism?
To increase the breakdown of glycogen and formation of lipids
What is the consequence of high thyroid stimulating hormone levels on the thyroid gland?
Stimulation of thyroid hormone synthesis
What is the site of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion?
Follicular cells in the thyroid
What is the role of the pituitary gland in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?
To release thyroid stimulating hormone
This quiz covers the gross and microscopic anatomy of the thyroid gland, its anatomic relations, and key physiological concepts. Test your knowledge of thyroid structure and function, essential for understanding thyroid disorders.
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