Thyroid Structure and Function: Anatomy and Physiology

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What is the primary function of calcitonin?

To decrease the excretion of calcium in the kidneys

To stimulate the release of parathyroid hormone

To increase the availability of calcium in the bloodstream

To prevent calcium loss from the skeleton (correct)

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on macronutrient metabolism?

They have no effect on macronutrient metabolism

They increase the breakdown of macronutrients (correct)

They decrease the breakdown of macronutrients

They increase the synthesis of macronutrients

What is the result of an underactive thyroid gland?

Increased energy levels and weight gain

Decreased energy levels and weight gain (correct)

No effect on energy levels and weight

Increased energy levels and weight loss

What is the primary cause of hyperthyroidism?

Graves disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone on calcium levels?

It increases calcium levels in the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Na+/K+ ATPase in the thyroid gland?

To pump ions constantly Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on the growth of bone and nervous tissue?

They promote the growth of bone and nervous tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an overactive thyroid gland?

Weight loss and increased energy levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which calcitonin reduces calcium levels?

By decreasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on body temperature?

They increase body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thyroid gland in the endocrine system?

Control of metabolic rate of tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of thyroid hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland?

Epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of high T3 and T4 levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

Suppression of TSH production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of calcitonin in the thyroid gland?

Regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

To release thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of thyroid hormone binding to receptors in target cells?

Release of a repressor from certain genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on macronutrient metabolism?

Increased breakdown of glycogen and formation of glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of thyroid hormone deficiency in children and teenagers?

Decreased linear growth of bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the thyroid gland?

Regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the simultaneous release of T3, T4, and norepinephrine?

Increased physiological effects Signup and view all the answers

How does calcitonin reduce Ca2+ levels in the blood?

By stopping bone resorption and allowing excretion of Ca2+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of parathyroid hormone?

To increase Ca2+ availability in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a lack of thyroid hormones in childhood?

Short stature and mental impairment Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an overactive thyroid gland on body temperature?

It increases body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of most cases of hyperthyroidism?

Graves' disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on macronutrient metabolism?

It increases macronutrient metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of an underactive thyroid gland on weight?

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Na+/K+ ATPase in the thyroid gland?

To maintain the resting membrane potential Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of thyroid hormone deficiency on energy levels?

Decreased energy levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

To release thyroid releasing hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of iodine utilization in the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

Follicular cells in the thyroid Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels on thyroid stimulating hormone production?

Suppression of thyroid hormone synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on gene transcription?

Activation of gene transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteins synthesised in response to thyroid hormones?

To increase the breakdown of glycogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of calcitonin synthesis and secretion?

Parafollicular C cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thyroid hormones in macronutrient metabolism?

To increase the breakdown of glycogen and formation of lipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high thyroid stimulating hormone levels on the thyroid gland?

Stimulation of thyroid hormone synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion?

Follicular cells in the thyroid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pituitary gland in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

To release thyroid stimulating hormone Signup and view all the answers

Thyroid Structure and Function: Anatomy and Physiology

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of calcitonin?

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on macronutrient metabolism?

What is the result of an underactive thyroid gland?

What is the primary cause of hyperthyroidism?

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone on calcium levels?

What is the role of Na+/K+ ATPase in the thyroid gland?

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on the growth of bone and nervous tissue?

What is the result of an overactive thyroid gland?

What is the mechanism by which calcitonin reduces calcium levels?

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on body temperature?

What is the primary function of the thyroid gland in the endocrine system?

Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

What is the site of thyroid hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland?

What is the result of high T3 and T4 levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

What is the primary function of calcitonin in the thyroid gland?

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

What is the result of thyroid hormone binding to receptors in target cells?

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on macronutrient metabolism?

What is the consequence of thyroid hormone deficiency in children and teenagers?

What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the thyroid gland?

What is the effect of the simultaneous release of T3, T4, and norepinephrine?

How does calcitonin reduce Ca2+ levels in the blood?

What is the primary role of parathyroid hormone?

What is the consequence of a lack of thyroid hormones in childhood?

What is the effect of an overactive thyroid gland on body temperature?

What is the cause of most cases of hyperthyroidism?

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on macronutrient metabolism?

What is the consequence of an underactive thyroid gland on weight?

What is the role of Na+/K+ ATPase in the thyroid gland?

What is the consequence of thyroid hormone deficiency on energy levels?

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

What is the site of iodine utilization in the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

What is the consequence of high triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels on thyroid stimulating hormone production?

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on gene transcription?

What is the role of proteins synthesised in response to thyroid hormones?

What is the site of calcitonin synthesis and secretion?

What is the role of thyroid hormones in macronutrient metabolism?

What is the consequence of high thyroid stimulating hormone levels on the thyroid gland?

What is the site of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion?

What is the role of the pituitary gland in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

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