The Parasympathetic Nervous System

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Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by postganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Dopamine

Acetylcholine

Norepinephrine (correct)

Serotonin

Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by postganglionic parasympathetic neurons?

Dopamine

Acetylcholine (correct)

Norepinephrine

Serotonin

Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by preganglionic neurons in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Dopamine

Acetylcholine (correct)

Serotonin

Norepinephrine

Which receptors are primarily found in target tissues innervated by sympathetic neurons?

Adrenergic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are primarily found in target tissues innervated by parasympathetic neurons?

Muscarinic cholinergic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which toxin interferes with GPCR signals and disables the autonomic nervous system?

Cholera toxin Signup and view all the answers

Where are the cell bodies of visceral afferents from the sympathetic nervous system located?

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) Signup and view all the answers

Where do afferents from the head and neck enter the brain stem?

Cranial nerve V Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by most visceral afferents?

Substance P Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis for ANS integration?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body does hypothalamic integration of autonomic reflex coordinate after a meal?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reflex links autonomic activity with somatic activity?

Baroreceptor reflex Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of the vagal baroreceptors to an increase in blood pressure?

Increase in vagal PNS activity leading to bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the local response to visceral pain that only involves the afferent neuron?

Axon reflex Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the enteric nervous system?

Coordination of gastrointestinal tract activity Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major organized plexuses in the gastrointestinal tract?

Myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the release of tachykinins producing an inflammatory response, often seen as 'wheal and flare'?

Axon reflex Signup and view all the answers

What type of stimuli may not reach the central nervous system but still elicit a local response?

Low intensity stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the enteric nervous system as the 'little brain of the gut'?

Myenteric plexus Signup and view all the answers

Which study is the source of this information?

Kulkarni et al, J Neurosci, 2018 Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for energy conservation and anabolic processing?

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the body does the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) primarily innervate?

Head and neck Signup and view all the answers

Where are the cell bodies of the vagus nerve (X) located?

Brain stem nuclei Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for innervating the smooth muscle and glands of the entire GI tract?

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is involved in innervating the ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae?

Nerve III Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is involved in innervating the palate and nasal cavity?

Nerve VII Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is involved in innervating the parotid gland and floor of the mouth?

Nerve IX Signup and view all the answers

Where are the postganglionic neurons located in the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)?

Close to target tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for energy expenditure and fight-or-flight response?

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system primarily innervates the thorax and abdomen?

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) Signup and view all the answers

The Parasympathetic Nervous System

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Questions and Answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by postganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by postganglionic parasympathetic neurons?

Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by preganglionic neurons in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Which receptors are primarily found in target tissues innervated by sympathetic neurons?

Which receptors are primarily found in target tissues innervated by parasympathetic neurons?

Which toxin interferes with GPCR signals and disables the autonomic nervous system?

Where are the cell bodies of visceral afferents from the sympathetic nervous system located?

Where do afferents from the head and neck enter the brain stem?

Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by most visceral afferents?

What is the primary basis for ANS integration?

Which part of the body does hypothalamic integration of autonomic reflex coordinate after a meal?

Which type of reflex links autonomic activity with somatic activity?

What is the response of the vagal baroreceptors to an increase in blood pressure?

What is the term used for the local response to visceral pain that only involves the afferent neuron?

What is the function of the enteric nervous system?

What are the two major organized plexuses in the gastrointestinal tract?

What is the term used for the release of tachykinins producing an inflammatory response, often seen as 'wheal and flare'?

What type of stimuli may not reach the central nervous system but still elicit a local response?

What is the term used to describe the enteric nervous system as the 'little brain of the gut'?

Which study is the source of this information?

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for energy conservation and anabolic processing?

Which region of the body does the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) primarily innervate?

Where are the cell bodies of the vagus nerve (X) located?

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for innervating the smooth muscle and glands of the entire GI tract?

Which cranial nerve is involved in innervating the ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae?

Which cranial nerve is involved in innervating the palate and nasal cavity?

Which cranial nerve is involved in innervating the parotid gland and floor of the mouth?

Where are the postganglionic neurons located in the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)?

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for energy expenditure and fight-or-flight response?

Which part of the nervous system primarily innervates the thorax and abdomen?

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