Autonomic Nervous System: Neurotransmitters and Receptors
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

  • To stimulate high energy functions
  • To relax the body and inhibit high energy functions (correct)
  • To control the sympathetic nervous system
  • To regulate the autonomic nervous system

    • Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

  • Serotonin
  • Dopamine
  • Norepinephrine (correct)
  • Acetylcholine

    • What type of receptors are activated by acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system?

  • Beta receptors
  • Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors (correct)
  • Alpha receptors
  • Cholinergic receptors

    • What is the effect of cholinesterase on acetylcholine?

    <p>It rapidly hydrolyzes acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following choline esters is most resistant to hydrolysis by cholinesterase?

    <p>Bethanechol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the β-methyl group on the potency of choline esters at nicotinic receptors?

    <p>It reduces the potency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Edrophonium and the carbamates as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase?

    <p>They are reversible inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is used to treat organophosphorus poisoning?

    <p>Pralidoxime (PAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the receptor selectivity of a drug dependent on?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Tacrine?

    <p>Treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist?

    <p>Clonidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a drug's ability to bind preferentially to one subgroup of receptors at concentrations too low to interact extensively with another subgroup?

    <p>Receptor selectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of catecholamines that makes them subject to inactivation by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)?

    <p>Presence of –OH groups on the benzene ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the size of alkyl substituents on the amino group of catecholamines?

    <p>Increases β-receptor activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of sympathomimetic drugs known as catecholamines?

    <p>Presence of –OH groups on the benzene ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the absence of one or both –OH groups on the phenyl ring of catecholamines?

    <p>Increases bioavailability after oral administration and prolongs the duration of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of ephedrine and amphetamine that distinguishes them from catecholamines?

    <p>Oral activity and prolonged duration of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of direct-acting sympathomimetic drugs like catecholamines?

    <p>Mimic sympathetic stimulation by binding to α and β receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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