The Impact of Ethnocentrism and Development Categorization Quiz

Judging other people or cultures based on one's own values and beliefs

As lagging behind in certain aspects compared to 'developed' nations

Less Economically Developed Country (LEDC) and More Economically Developed Country

The use of labels and titles to describe people, places, and events

By considering where the news item comes from and the bias of the supplier

By using captions below photos as potential sources of bias

Goal name, brief summary, why it is on the list, why it affects us, what can be done about it, and an image or brief video clip

Clean Water and Sanitation

Decent Work and Economic Growth

The use of economic indicators like GDP per capita can cause misleading generalizations about a country or stereotyping of its people because it only provides a narrow view of a country's economic well-being and does not account for other important factors such as income distribution, quality of life, or social and environmental conditions. This narrow focus on economic indicators may lead to oversimplified assumptions about the overall living standards and conditions within a country, potentially leading to stereotypes about its people.

It is important to look at a variety of indicators from different categories in order to make a balanced assessment of conditions in a certain country or region because no single indicator can provide a complete picture of a country's well-being. Different indicators capture different aspects of a country's social, economic, and environmental conditions, and by considering a variety of indicators, a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the country's overall situation can be obtained.

Applying the Human Development Index specifically to indigenous peoples within a developed country can give us a different sense of the quality of life for subgroups because it can reveal disparities and inequalities that may not be apparent when looking at the overall national HDI. Indigenous peoples often face unique challenges and historical injustices that may not be adequately captured in the national HDI, and by focusing on their specific situation, it is possible to gain insights into the extent of social and economic disparities within the country.

HIPPO - Habitat Loss, Introduced and Invasive Species, Pollution, Population, Over-consumption

Examples include zebra mussels, Asian carp, and purple loosestrife in Ontario. They pose threats through competition for food.

Factors include the removal of the natural landscape for resources (fuel, lumber, minerals, water), places to live (homes, infrastructure, roads), expansion of cities and towns, and urban sprawl.

Over-consumption uses up more than nature can replenish and is exacerbated by growing population, poverty, affluence, and climate change. Specific examples include the exploitation of commercial and recreational fishing and hunting, overkill of species, and public demand for tropical hardwoods.

The response that misses the point is 'Who cares. Do you really care less for humans than for some lousy useless little fish or weed?' It is important to care about biodiversity loss because the entire natural world is made up of wild species providing us for free with services that can be very expensive, and in many cases impossible, for us to supply ourselves.

1,000 tons

20%

10 billion

Electronic waste

Saudi Arabia

Urbanization, agriculture, mining, energy and land development

Atmospheric increase in greenhouse gases

Forests play a crucial role in mitigating the impacts of climate change

Protection, indigenous control, and education

Economic development and collapse

The human causes of deforestation include urbanization, globalization, corruption, population growth, agriculture, mining, energy and land development, roads, logging, and fuel. These activities lead to habitat loss, fragmentation, loss of biodiversity, economic development, and collapse.

Deforestation leads to an increase in greenhouse gases, drier climate, soil erosion, habitat loss, fragmentation, loss of biodiversity, and contributes to climate change. Forests play a crucial role in mitigating the impacts of climate change and are essential for maintaining biodiversity.

Deforestation is a global issue due to its impact on climate change, biodiversity loss, water quality, and natural disasters. The text mentions potential solutions such as protection of forests, indigenous control, moratorium, education, and alternative income sources like tourism.

Deforestation affects economic development and can lead to economic collapse. It also plays a role in maintaining agricultural land, but its impact on water quality includes filtration and purification, as well as potential food shortages.

Natural causes of deforestation include droughts, forest fires, and flooding. These natural events contribute to habitat loss, fragmentation, loss of biodiversity, and have effects on the physical environment such as unstable land and water filtration.

The earth is a self-regulating organism that can adjust to changes to maintain habitability

The number, variety, and variability of living organisms on Earth

Many species are intricately interconnected, and without biodiversity, there is no future for life on Earth

Ecuador

2022

Middle East

Rapid growth and short life cycle, able to grow in a wide range of habitats/climates, require a lot of space, disperse quickly, no natural predators, wide diet range (not picky eaters), called generalists and can cause great ecological damage when they outcompete specialists.

Mechanical/Manual Control, Chemical Control, Biological Control, Prevention.

Social, Environmental, Economic, and Political impacts (SEEP connections), and great ecological damage when invasive species outcompete specialists.

Asteroid impact

Opening of Atlantic Ocean basin

Asteroid impact

The Tragedy of the Commons is an economic theory describing how individuals, acting in their own self-interest, deplete shared resources, leading to negative outcomes for everyone. An example from the text is the scenario of a common pasture where each individual adds more animals to their flock, ultimately leading to the destruction of the pasture.

Garrett Hardin's concept of 'the tragedy' refers to the failure of individual owners to preserve natural resources, leading to the depletion and destruction of the shared resource, as described in the Tragedy of the Commons theory.

According to Hardin, the tragedy can be avoided by altering our values and changing the way we live, particularly in preserving natural resources, even in the private sector. This is where sustainability comes into play.

Sustainability involves meeting the present needs without compromising the needs of future generations. It relates to the Tragedy of the Commons by emphasizing the importance of preserving natural resources and considering the long-term impact of individual actions on shared resources.

The 'SEE' of Sustainability refers to Social, Environmental, and Economic aspects of sustainability, highlighting the interconnectedness of social, environmental, and economic factors in achieving sustainable practices.

Africa should focus on addressing poverty, hunger, good health and well-being, quality education, reduced inequalities, and sustainable economic growth.

Major challenges in Africa include growing population, agricultural problems, environmental problems, commodity economies, burden of debt, disease, wars and refugees, corrupt regimes, and poverty.

The estimated African population in 2022 is 1.4 billion, with a projected increase to 2.4% population growth rate as a continent by 2050.

Africa's telecommunications market is one of the fastest growing in the world, and there is a growing energy use and internet usage in the continent.

Africa has the highest rate of poverty, lowest literacy rate (50%), and it is the only region where food production per capita has declined.

Population growth in less economically advanced countries contributes to a low standard of living due to the challenges of maintaining a stable and manageable population level. Factors such as lack of contraceptive methods, increase in secularization, and inadequate healthcare contribute to the rapid pace of population growth in these countries.

After World War 2, countries in the 'zone of peace' were able to economically grow and prosper without the threat of war, while countries in the 'zone of war' never escaped combat and were unable to focus on economic development. Countries in a state of revolution also faced economic challenges as their governments' focus was on stopping the next revolution.

Trade inequalities, particularly the use of trade barriers such as tariffs by G8 nations, restrict the amount of imports from developing countries. This contributes to substantial correlations between trade and income, making it difficult to determine cause and effect due to endogeneity issues. G8 nations also place higher tariffs on products produced in Africa or the Middle East, and subsidize agricultural products, contributing to the inequalities.

To identify causes of hunger through collaboration and discussion

To organize and understand the different causes of hunger

To ensure understanding of the concepts related to hunger causes

45%

Hair loss

Climate conditions

Local involvement

Rationing

Consumption of inadequate calories and macro-nutrients over a short period of time

Deficiency of certain micronutrients essential for good health

Hunger is the painful sensation caused by the physical need for food, while starvation occurs when the body receives so little food that it breaks down its own cells for energy

$80 billion

Low birth weight babies

Undernourishment is the consumption of inadequate calories and macronutrients, while malnourishment is the deficiency of certain micronutrients essential for good health

The painful sensation or state of weakness caused by the physical need for food

$80 billion

Low birth weight babies with a much greater chance of dying before their first birthday

The severest form of malnutrition, occurring when the body receives so little food that it breaks down its own cells for energy

Conventional breeding transfers genetic information between members of the same species, while genetic engineering overcomes 3 billion years of evolution to transfer genetic information across species. The main advantage of genetic engineering is the creation of seed varieties with desired traits, while the main disadvantage is the dependency on companies and the prohibitive cost for peasant farmers.

Advantages of GMOs include seed varieties with desired traits, huge profits for GMO companies, feeding more people, and improved nutrition. Disadvantages include dependency on companies for something that should be free, prohibitive cost for peasant farmers, and the controversial use of 'suicide genes' in seeds.

Mark Lynas, one of the founders of the anti-GMO movement, recently recanted his entire 'anti-GMO' belief and stated that GM crops are necessary to feed the world. This differs from his previous stance as a prominent figure in the anti-GMO movement.

Many GMOs come from a few huge transnational corporations like Monsanto, which have patents on new species and sometimes incorporate 'suicide genes' into seeds to prevent natural breeding, leading to concerns about dependency, cost, and ethical implications.

One solution mentioned is breeding one's own desired seeds using conventional methods, despite claims by GMO companies that their seeds are superior. Additionally, the establishment of small seed banks in rural areas has been suggested as a potential solution to counter the challenges posed by GMOs and genetic engineering.

Some human factors affecting development culture mentioned in the text include heritage, resistance to change, different cultural viewpoints (conservative/liberal), impact of religious views and 'old country' viewpoints, availability of labor force, proximity to markets, importance of wages, government support such as tariffs on imports, tax breaks, local development incentives, foreign investment, and transportation infrastructure development.

Challenges facing developing countries mentioned in the text include illiteracy, lack of infrastructure, unstable governments, and lack of resources such as energy and natural materials needed for development.

Challenges facing developed countries mentioned in the text include pollution, resource depletion, job losses, and the impact of a strong Canadian dollar.

The stages of the Hunger Cycle include birth, birth-6 months, 6 months-2 years, age 3, school age, and low paid jobs. Potential consequences at each stage include infant mortality, mental stunting, poor school performance, and undernourishment.

Factors such as poverty, lack of parental education, inadequate solid foods, unhygienic environments, and low paid jobs contribute to the perpetuation of the Hunger Cycle. These factors impact individuals at different stages of life by increasing the risk of undernourishment, mental stunting, and poor school performance.

The good news mentioned in the text is that the effects of malnutrition can be corrected. The corrective measures are not explicitly stated in the provided text.

Some reasons for global inequity include factors related to geography such as access to resources and climate, lack of arable land, resource wealth, warfare, inadequate diet, high mortality rates, disease, illiteracy, and poverty. These factors contribute to the rich/poor gap by creating unequal opportunities and living conditions for people around the world.

Proposed solutions for addressing global inequity include providing support to developing countries in market access, skills, stable governments, and sustainable practices, as well as changing the approach to resource use and abuse in developed nations. Additionally, prioritizing humanitarian aid over military expenditures and focusing on education for happiness are emphasized as ways to address the issue.

The text emphasizes the value of relationships and experiences over material possessions through a reflection by Steve Jobs and the emphasis on education for happiness. This highlights the need for a shift in perspective towards prioritizing non-material aspects of life, which can have implications for addressing global inequity by shifting the focus towards holistic well-being and fulfillment rather than purely economic measures.

To provide choices concerning technological advancements

Job opportunities generating income and reducing poverty

Abundance of labor and strict environmental laws

Making plaster from limestone

Understanding how to work with fire

Working in ways that have barely changed for centuries

Making plaster from limestone was a major technological breakthrough that had significant implications for future developments.

The text contrasts the development of advanced technology in places like New Guinea with the lack of advanced technology in those regions. For example, even today, some people in the highlands of New Guinea are working in ways that have barely changed for centuries.

The ability of some individuals to develop new skills and technologies freed them from the burden of farming, allowing them to support specialists within the community. An example provided in the text is the development of new technologies after being freed from farming.

Income distribution and inequality in a country

By analyzing the distribution of income among different segments of the population

To highlight income inequality within a country

A set of 17 global goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to address poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace, and justice.

To address the interconnected global challenges including poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace, and justice.

17 goals

A method used to extract natural gas and oil from deep within the earth by injecting high-pressure fluid into shale rocks

To extract natural gas and oil from deep within the earth

Water contamination, air pollution, and induced seismic activity