Africa Today (In-Class activity).pptx

Development in Africa • What area of development should Africa focus on? • By looking at the following issues in Africa, choose one of the major challenges Africa is dealing with and prepare a plan for development. In other words, what priorities do you think Africa should focus on to improve develo...

Development in Africa • What area of development should Africa focus on? • By looking at the following issues in Africa, choose one of the major challenges Africa is dealing with and prepare a plan for development. In other words, what priorities do you think Africa should focus on to improve development and their quality of life? Remember The UN Global Goals 1 - No Poverty 2 - Zero hunger 3 - Good health and well-being 4 - Quality Education 10 - Reduced Inequalities Where the world’s 30 million slaves live Significant African Issues • • • • • • • • Growing population Agricultural problems Environmental problems Commodity economies Burden of debt Disease Wars and refugees Corrupt regimes Poverty in Africa • Poorest region in world – Lowest life expectancy (52) – Lowest literacy rate (50%) – Highest rate of infant mortality • Only region where food production per capita has declined • Of 47 least developed countries, 32 in subSaharan Africa The world by income… Worldwide Internet Usage The good news is that Africa’s telecommunications market is one of the fastest growing in the world. Energy use Personal computers • Computers owned for personal use Carbon dioxide emissions • Total amount of greenhouse gasses emitted per person Ecological footprint • The total amount of energy required to sustain a specific lifestyle. African Population • • 2022: Africa total - 1.4 billion; Sub-Saharan Africa - 1.1 billion • 2.4% population growth rate as a continent • By 2050, Africa is projected to increase to 2.4 billion • Over 40% population <15 years old Africa's share of global population is projected to grow from: - 16% in 2015 - 25% in 2050 - 39% by 2100 Population Distribution Agricultural Problems • • • • • • Sporadic rainfall across the continent Some fertile regionally, but often poor soil quality Emphasis on cash crops Subsistence agriculture Green Revolution techniques didn’t work Prices of subsistence crops kept low, cheap food imports • Deteriorating infrastructure makes it difficult to move crops • Women farmers get little support World water risk Natural Regions Natural Vegetation Environmental Problems • Over-cultivation and overgrazing degrading land • Fallow period not long enough • Cutting of forests altering rainfall patterns • Deserts spreading Commodity Economies • Colonial regimes emphasized cash crops and mineral resources that could be exported • Continuation of policy by World Bank and IMF • Africans cannot control price of commodities • Rich resources but Africa doesn’t have capital to exploit them Debt • Loans taken out way back in the 1970s continue to accrue interest • Growing burden of debt • Countries spend more on interest than on health care and education HIV/AIDS • 2014 - 33,400,000 cases globally. • 97% live in low and middle income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa • More than 12 million children orphaned • Percentage of adult population – South Africa 21.5% – Zambia 16.5% – Zimbabwe 24.6% – Botswana 37.3% Percent of Worlds HIV Infections and Deaths from AIDS AIDS Infections AIDS Deaths Solutions? Perspectives Vary Dambisa Moyo Author of Dead Aid, and Winner Take All Dambisa Moyo completed a PhD in economics at Oxford University and holds a Masters degree from Harvard University. She completed an undergraduate degree in chemistry and an MBA in finance at American University in Washington, D.C. She is on Time Magazine’s List of the 100 Most Influential People on Earth. When she speaks, people listen. African Development Moyo’s view • Africa has received more than $1 trillion in aid since the 1970s • It is poorer today than it was in the 70s • In the 70s, 10% of the population survived on less than $1/day; today 70% survives on less than $1/day • Population explosion - many countries have 60% under 24 - some have 50% under 15 Ms. Moyo’s Big 3 1. We don’t want to support Africa forever 2. Africa must be a key player in their own development 3. Aid to Africa has helped create the current problem Bill Gates… thinks Dambisa Moyo’s book Dead Aid is “promoting evil” Bill Gates is one of the richest people on Earth and is the co-founder of Microsoft. Today, he has dedicated his life to philanthropy, or improving the lives of people less fortunate than himself. He has already agreed to give ½ his worth to charity when he dies. He’s also a very smart guy. Watch this clip (2 min) Activity … Task: Collaborate, research and record your group’s collective thoughts based on the information you now have. a. Join your group and discuss what area of development Africa should focus on using your assigned UN SDG b. Research and collaborate together on the prompt and your topic c. Record your group’s discussion using the organizer. Upload it to Schoology prior to the end of class 1 - No Poverty - Giulia - Nolan 2 - Zero hunger - Simon - Michaela - Stefano Groups - Laura - Adrian - Charlize - Alexa 3 - Good health and well-being - Irene - Bea - Delmalisa - Nick 4 - Quality Education - Gen - Hudson - Adele - Addison - Ricky 10 - Reduced Inequalities - Easton - Fisher - Chris - Miguel