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Questions and Answers
Which sequence correctly outlines the five main activities of the digestive system?
Which sequence correctly outlines the five main activities of the digestive system?
Which organ is NOT part of the alimentary canal?
Which organ is NOT part of the alimentary canal?
What is one of the primary functions of gastric juice?
What is one of the primary functions of gastric juice?
Which structure is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients?
Which structure is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients?
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Which type of tissue is most commonly associated with the lining of the digestive organs?
Which type of tissue is most commonly associated with the lining of the digestive organs?
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What is formed during mastication, ready for swallowing?
What is formed during mastication, ready for swallowing?
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What must close off the oesophagus to prevent reflux before swallowing occurs?
What must close off the oesophagus to prevent reflux before swallowing occurs?
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What structure separates the stomach from the small intestine?
What structure separates the stomach from the small intestine?
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Which type of cells in the stomach lining produce hydrochloric acid?
Which type of cells in the stomach lining produce hydrochloric acid?
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What is the primary function of smooth muscle found in the wall of the oesophagus?
What is the primary function of smooth muscle found in the wall of the oesophagus?
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What is the name of the chemical substance formed in the stomach after food is churned?
What is the name of the chemical substance formed in the stomach after food is churned?
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Which enzyme is converted from pepsinogen in the stomach?
Which enzyme is converted from pepsinogen in the stomach?
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What structure controls the emptying of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine?
What structure controls the emptying of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine?
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What is the primary function of villi in the small intestine?
What is the primary function of villi in the small intestine?
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Which duct drains bile from the liver to the duodenum?
Which duct drains bile from the liver to the duodenum?
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What type of epithelium lines the villi in the small intestine?
What type of epithelium lines the villi in the small intestine?
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In which part of the small intestine does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?
In which part of the small intestine does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?
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What is the primary role of lacteals in the villi?
What is the primary role of lacteals in the villi?
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What is the primary function of bile besides digestion?
What is the primary function of bile besides digestion?
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Which statement about the gall bladder is incorrect?
Which statement about the gall bladder is incorrect?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of bile?
Which of the following is NOT a component of bile?
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What triggers the release of bile from the gall bladder?
What triggers the release of bile from the gall bladder?
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Which part of the digestive system allows for the reabsorption of bile acids?
Which part of the digestive system allows for the reabsorption of bile acids?
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Which enzyme is NOT produced by the exocrine pancreas?
Which enzyme is NOT produced by the exocrine pancreas?
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What is a main function of the pancreas in digestion?
What is a main function of the pancreas in digestion?
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What happens to bile acids after they are used in digestion?
What happens to bile acids after they are used in digestion?
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What role do teeth play in the initial stages of digestion?
What role do teeth play in the initial stages of digestion?
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What is the main function of salivary amylase in digestion?
What is the main function of salivary amylase in digestion?
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Which structure prevents food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing?
Which structure prevents food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing?
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What is the first phase of swallowing characterized by?
What is the first phase of swallowing characterized by?
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What action does peristalsis perform within the digestive system?
What action does peristalsis perform within the digestive system?
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Which glands are primarily responsible for producing and secreting saliva?
Which glands are primarily responsible for producing and secreting saliva?
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What does segmentation in the small intestine primarily facilitate?
What does segmentation in the small intestine primarily facilitate?
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How does the esophagus contribute to the digestive process?
How does the esophagus contribute to the digestive process?
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After which process does the bolus become chyme?
After which process does the bolus become chyme?
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What percentage of saliva is composed of water?
What percentage of saliva is composed of water?
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What happens to the epiglottis during the swallowing process?
What happens to the epiglottis during the swallowing process?
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What is the primary role of the tongue in digestion?
What is the primary role of the tongue in digestion?
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Which statement about the muscular wall of the esophagus is true?
Which statement about the muscular wall of the esophagus is true?
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Which of the following incorrect statements about bolus formation?
Which of the following incorrect statements about bolus formation?
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Vomiting involves which of the following actions?
Vomiting involves which of the following actions?
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Study Notes
The Digestive System
- The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
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Five main activities occur in the digestive system:
- Ingestion: Taking food into the mouth
- Propulsion: Moving food through the digestive tract
- Digestion: Breaking down food into smaller molecules
- Absorption: Absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream
- Elimination (Defecation): Removing waste products from the body.
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Alimentary Canal:
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Mouth: Where food enters the digestive system:
- Teeth: Tear, rip, and chew food into smaller pieces
- Uvula: Prevents food from entering the nasal cavity.
- Tongue: Helps with chewing and swallowing
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Salivary glands: Produce saliva which contains amylase that begins the breakdown of carbohydrates.
- Submandibular: Secretes 70% of saliva
- Sublingual: Secretes 5% of saliva
- Parotid: Secretes 25% of saliva
- Pharynx: The passageway for food from the mouth to the esophagus
- Esophagus: A muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach
- Stomach: A muscular organ that churns food and mixes it with gastric juices
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Small Intestine: The longest part of the digestive tract where most digestion and absorption occurs.
- Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine where food enters from the stomach
- Jejunum: Middle part of the small intestine
- Ileum: Last part of the small intestine
- Large Intestine: Absorbs water and eliminates waste
- Rectum: The final part of the digestive tract where feces are stored before elimination.
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Mouth: Where food enters the digestive system:
- Bolus: A rounded mass of food formed by chewing
- Chyme: A semi-liquid, creamy substance produced by the stomach
- Peristalsis: Wave-like muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract
- Segmentation: Muscular contractions in the small intestine that mix food
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Gastric Juice: Secreted by the stomach which contains:
- Hydrochloric Acid (HCL): Denatures proteins
- Pepsinogen: Converted to pepsin which breaks down proteins
- Mucus: Protects the stomach lining from HCL
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Liver:
- Largest solid organ and largest gland in the body
- Produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder
- Helps with fat metabolism and detoxification
- Capillaries of the small intestine drain into the liver via the hepatic portal system.
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Gallbladder:
- Stores and concentrates bile
- Releases bile into the duodenum when fats are present
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Bile:
- A watery, greenish fluid produced by the liver
- Contains bile salts, pigments, cholesterol, and phospholipids.
- Helps with fat digestion by emulsifying fats.
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Pancreas:
- An endocrine and exocrine gland
- Exocrine Function: secretes digestive enzymes
- Endocrine Function: secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon
- Villi: Tiny finger-like projections that increase the surface area of the small intestine for absorption
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Description
Test your knowledge on the digestive system and its functions. This quiz covers the five main activities, the paths food takes through the alimentary canal, and the roles of various organs involved in digestion. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand how food is processed in the body.
