Questions and Answers
The Central Dogma states that DNA is used to make ______ is used to make Protein.
RNA
A ______ region acts as the template for the transcribed RNA, located downstream of the transcription start site.
transcribed
The transcription start site is denoted as '+1' corresponding to the first ______ at the 5' end of the RNA product.
nucleotide
Prokaryotes depend largely on ______ regulation, using repressor proteins to control gene expression.
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Eukaryotes depend on ______ regulation of gene expression, but also regulate gene expression with transcription factors.
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Basal transcription factors bind to the ______ to recruit RNA polymerase.
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Regulatory transcription factors including both activators and ______ can bind to proximal control elements upstream of the promoter.
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Position-independent elements called ______ greatly increase transcription when bound by transcriptional activators.
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The ______ domain is located upstream of the transcription start site.
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The base positions denoted by negative numbers are located ______ of the transcription start site.
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For transcription, one strand of DNA acts as a template for the production of an RNA strand by the enzyme ______ polymerase.
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The process of transcription occurs in stages: ______ - RNA polymerase interacts with the promoter at the TATA box to establish a transcription complex.
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Transcription in eukaryotes makes ______-mRNA that must be processed to mature mRNA for translation.
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A ______ cap and a 3' polyA tail both protect the mRNA, aid in export of mature mRNA to the cytoplasm, and improve translation efficiency by the ribosome.
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Splicing removes ______, which are extra nucleotides in the transcribed region of genes, and ligates together exons to make a mature mRNA with a correct protein coding sequence.
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MRNA has a protein coding sequence using ______ which are translated using tRNA.
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Translation occurs in the ______, a large multi-protein complex that interacts with mRNA and enzymatically assembles polypeptides.
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During ______, a charged tRNA enters the A-site.
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The ______ tRNA exits at the E site and the process repeats until a stop codon lines up with the A-site and binds to a release factor, halting translation.
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Translate an mRNA using a ______ table, starting at the first 5' AUG.
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