COPY: central dogma

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The Central Dogma states that DNA is used to make ______ is used to make Protein.

RNA

A ______ region acts as the template for the transcribed RNA, located downstream of the transcription start site.

transcribed

The transcription start site is denoted as '+1' corresponding to the first ______ at the 5' end of the RNA product.

nucleotide

Prokaryotes depend largely on ______ regulation, using repressor proteins to control gene expression.

negative Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotes depend on ______ regulation of gene expression, but also regulate gene expression with transcription factors.

positive Signup and view all the answers

Basal transcription factors bind to the ______ to recruit RNA polymerase.

promoter Signup and view all the answers

Regulatory transcription factors including both activators and ______ can bind to proximal control elements upstream of the promoter.

repressors Signup and view all the answers

Position-independent elements called ______ greatly increase transcription when bound by transcriptional activators.

enhancers Signup and view all the answers

The ______ domain is located upstream of the transcription start site.

regulatory Signup and view all the answers

The base positions denoted by negative numbers are located ______ of the transcription start site.

upstream Signup and view all the answers

For transcription, one strand of DNA acts as a template for the production of an RNA strand by the enzyme ______ polymerase.

RNA Signup and view all the answers

The process of transcription occurs in stages: ______ - RNA polymerase interacts with the promoter at the TATA box to establish a transcription complex.

Initiation Signup and view all the answers

Transcription in eukaryotes makes ______-mRNA that must be processed to mature mRNA for translation.

pre Signup and view all the answers

A ______ cap and a 3' polyA tail both protect the mRNA, aid in export of mature mRNA to the cytoplasm, and improve translation efficiency by the ribosome.

5' Signup and view all the answers

Splicing removes ______, which are extra nucleotides in the transcribed region of genes, and ligates together exons to make a mature mRNA with a correct protein coding sequence.

introns Signup and view all the answers

MRNA has a protein coding sequence using ______ which are translated using tRNA.

codons Signup and view all the answers

Translation occurs in the ______, a large multi-protein complex that interacts with mRNA and enzymatically assembles polypeptides.

ribosome Signup and view all the answers

During ______, a charged tRNA enters the A-site.

elongation Signup and view all the answers

The ______ tRNA exits at the E site and the process repeats until a stop codon lines up with the A-site and binds to a release factor, halting translation.

used Signup and view all the answers

Translate an mRNA using a ______ table, starting at the first 5' AUG.

codon Signup and view all the answers