Questions and Answers
The liquid portion of blood without its cellular elements is called?
plasma
The liquid portion of blood called plasma contains water. What percentage of the volume of plasma is made up of water?
92%
An average adult has how many pints of blood?
8-10 pints
Blood does all of the following, except?
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The blood protein fibrinogen is necessary for?
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The plasma protein that maintains osmotic pressure and volume is?
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The white blood cells include all of the following, except?
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Vitamin K is necessary to synthesize?
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Erythropoiesis is influenced by the hormone erythropoietin, which is secreted by the?
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The function of thrombocytes is to?
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Which type of anemia is due to a deficiency of vitamin B12?
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Anemia due to deficiency of vitamin B12 and/or lack of intrinsic factor is called?
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Anemia caused by suppression of the bone marrow is called?
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Condition in which too many red blood cells are formed is called?
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Inherited disease in which abnormal hemoglobin molecules cause misshapen red blood cells, leading to anemia is called?
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Deficiency in the number and/or percentage of red blood cells and/or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is called?
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Decrease in the number of platelets is called?
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Formation of a clot in a blood vessel is called?
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Inherited disease in which the blood clots slowly or abnormally is called?
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Malignant neoplasm of plasma cells or B-lymphocytes is called?
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Obstruction of a blood vessel by a circulating blood clot, fat globule, air bubble, or piece of tissue is called?
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Red blood cells are called?
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What is the process that surrounds, engulfs, and digests harmful bacteria?
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Formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel is called?
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The word root 'path' means?
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What is the most abundant of all the plasma proteins?
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Which type of anemia is caused by suppression of the bone marrow?
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A decrease in the number of white blood cells is called?
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When tissues are subjected to chemical or physical trauma or invasion by pathogenic microorganisms, what can occur?
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What is a protein found in plasma that will react with antigens of the same type to cause blood clotting?
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Which plasma protein is necessary for blood clotting?
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The time required for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of an upright tube at room temperature is called?
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What is a blood disease in which there is a decrease in the number of platelets?
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The word root that means clotting is?
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Erythropoiesis is the formation and development of?
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The name given to plasma after a blood clot is formed is?
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What is the condition in which an odorless gas combines rapidly with hemoglobin and crowds out oxygen?
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Erythrocytes come from stem cells in the red bone marrow called?
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When the white blood cell count exceeds 10,000 cells/ul, a condition exists that is called?
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If a patient's blood type is B+, the donor's blood must be?
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The average adult's body has how many pints of blood?
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When the antigens on the surface of red blood cells react with antibodies in the serum, what process occurs?
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This condition is characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells and/or their oxygen-carrying capacity is called?
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An immune molecule that connects to a specific antigen, triggering the immune response is an?
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A protein molecule that the body identifies as foreign, triggering the immune response is an?
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Which white blood cell destroys the remains of antibody-antigen reactions and responds to allergens and parasites?
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Which white blood cell destroys harmful bacteria during infection and inflammation?
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Which white blood cell releases heparin and histamine, triggering an inflammatory response to allergens?
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White blood cells that leave the bloodstream and attach to tissues in order to isolate infections and destroy foreign particles are called?
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What is the primary function of red blood cells?
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What white blood cells create antibodies and protect against cancer cell growth?
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The primary function of thrombocytes is to?
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Occurs when incompatible blood types are mixed; antibodies from one blood type attack antigens in the other is called?
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What cells are necessary for vessel repair and clotting?
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What cells produce antibodies to help fight infection?
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What cells release histamine during allergic responses?
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Type A+ blood has?
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Iron deficiency anemia is usually due to?
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What is a localized clotted mass of blood found in an organ, tissue, or space?
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Redness, local heat, swelling, and pain are all signs of what condition?
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Which of the following is not a component of plasma?
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What is hemolysis?
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What does hematocrit measure?
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All blood cells develop from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, or?
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What hormone stimulates red blood cell production?
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What forms a mesh-like network that entraps red blood cells, platelets, and plasma to form a blood clot?
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Study Notes
Blood Components and Functions
- Plasma is the liquid portion of blood, devoid of cellular elements.
- Plasma comprises approximately 92% water, which is vital for transporting substances.
- Adult humans typically have 8 to 10 pints of blood.
- Blood does not secrete hormones; its main functions involve transport and defense.
- Fibrinogen, a blood protein, is essential for the clotting process.
- Albumin is the plasma protein responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure and blood volume.
Blood Cell Types and Functions
- White blood cells (leukocytes) consist of several types, excluding thrombocytes (platelets).
- Thrombocytes function to initiate the clotting process when injury occurs.
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.
- Vitamin K is crucial for synthesizing prothrombin, a factor in the blood clotting cascade.
Blood Disorders
- Anemia is defined as a deficiency in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin.
- Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 and/or lack of intrinsic factor.
- Aplastic anemia stems from bone marrow suppression, reducing blood cell production.
- Polycythemia refers to the overproduction of red blood cells.
- Sickle cell anemia is an inherited condition characterized by misshapen RBCs due to abnormal hemoglobin.
- Thrombocytopenia is a condition marked by a decrease in platelet count.
Clotting and Immune Response
- Thrombosis is the formation of a clot inside a blood vessel.
- Hemophilia is a genetic disorder where blood clots slowly or abnormally.
- Embolism occurs when a circulating blood clot obstructs a blood vessel.
- Antibodies are immune proteins that bind to specific antigens, leading to blood clotting and immune responses.
- Inflammation is the body’s response to tissue damage or infection, characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
Blood Type and Compatibility
- Blood type B+ can receive donations from B+, B-, O-, and O+ blood types.
- Agglutination occurs when antibodies react with antigens leading to clumping of red blood cells, which can be harmful.
- Leukocytosis signifies an elevated white blood cell count, exceeding 10,000 cells/μL.
Blood Cell Development and Regulation
- Erythropoiesis is the process of red blood cell production, influenced by erythropoietin from the kidneys.
- Stem cells in the red bone marrow differentiate into various blood cells, including RBCs and leukocytes.
- Hematocrit measures the percentage of whole blood volume made up of red blood cells.
Specialized White Blood Cells
- Eosinophils combat allergens and parasites while also participating in the inflammatory response.
- Neutrophils are key in destroying bacteria during infections.
- Basophils release histamine and heparin, contributing to inflammatory responses.
- Monocytes convert into macrophages to isolate and destroy pathogens.
Other Important Concepts
- Serum is the liquid that remains after blood clotting has occurred.
- Hemolysis is the destruction or rupture of red blood cells.
- A hematoma is a localized collection of clotted blood outside of blood vessels.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on blood with these flashcards from ST 102 Chapter 12. Covering topics like plasma composition, blood volume, and functions, these cards will help reinforce your understanding of this essential subject. Perfect for students looking to review key terms and definitions.
