South African and Rwandan History Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What did Archbishop Desmond Tutu refer to Afrikaans as?

The language of the oppressor (correct)

The language of reconciliation

The language of liberation

The language of global unity

What major international action occurred as a result of the police response during the Soweto protests?

Global demands to end apartheid (correct)

Recognition of South African independence

Increased support for apartheid

Establishment of new political parties

When did South Africa first allow all citizens, regardless of race, to vote?

2000

1994 (correct)

1990

1980

What percentage of the Rwandan population was female in 2006 due to the genocide?

70% Signup and view all the answers

What was established by the UN Security Council in 1994 to address the genocide in Rwanda?

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Signup and view all the answers

What was the main export of Rwanda during and after Belgian rule?

Coffee Signup and view all the answers

Who was chosen to chair the Truth and Reconciliation Commission?

Archbishop Desmond Tutu Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Rwanda's exports was coffee by 2006?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the traditional Rwandan courts established to handle low-level offenders of the genocide?

Gacaca Courts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the apartheid boycott movement?

It aimed to stop support for the apartheid regime by urging a halt to purchases of South African goods. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's findings?

It confirmed that some African liberation movements violated human rights as well. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events initiated apartheid in South Africa?

Independence from the British Empire Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major consequences for Hutus after the genocide?

Around 2 million Hutus fled to Zaire Signup and view all the answers

What type of organizations are NGOs, as mentioned in the content?

Non-profit organizations that rely on donations and volunteers. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant impact of the genocide on the Rwandan parliament by 2006?

49% of the members were female Signup and view all the answers

Which racial classification was NOT established under apartheid?

Hispanic Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the gacaca courts established in Rwanda?

To seek justice and community reconciliation Signup and view all the answers

Which of these NGOs is specifically focused on environmental issues?

Greenpeace Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary motivations behind the Soweto Protests of 1976?

To achieve better education for black students Signup and view all the answers

How did the apartheid government respond to protests during the 1970s and 1980s?

By banning protest organizations and imprisoning leaders Signup and view all the answers

Which group led the seizure of the capital of Rwanda in mid-July 1994, effectively ending the genocide?

Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF) Signup and view all the answers

What significant conflict followed the genocide, involving Rwanda and Uganda invading Zaire?

First Congo War Signup and view all the answers

What justification was given in apartheid policies regarding education for black students?

They must learn to accept inequality with Europeans. Signup and view all the answers

During which year did the Soweto Protests take place?

1976 Signup and view all the answers

What was the predominant population group in Rwanda before colonization?

Hutu Signup and view all the answers

Which European nation took control of Rwanda during the scramble for Africa?

Germany Signup and view all the answers

What led to the civil war after Belgium's departure in 1962?

Ethnic tensions Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of UN peacekeepers in Rwanda during the conflict?

To maintain neutrality and protect civilians Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rwandan Genocide by July 1994?

800,000 to 1,000,000 deaths Signup and view all the answers

What event triggered the Rwandan Genocide in April 1994?

The assassination of the President of Rwanda Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the process of legal reconciliation in post-genocide Rwanda?

Gacaca Courts Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to the tension between Hutus and Tutsis during colonial rule?

Colonial favoritism toward Tutsis Signup and view all the answers

How did the Hutu government respond to the invasion by the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front?

Launching a campaign against Tutsis Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant aspect of the media during the Rwandan Genocide?

Encouragement of hatred and violence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines?

To influence international policy regarding landmines. Signup and view all the answers

Which treaty was a direct response to the efforts of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines?

Ottawa Treaty Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential criticism of NGOs according to the provided content?

They may undermine local NGOs in their operating countries. Signup and view all the answers

What was the repayment rate of microloans given by the Grameen Bank?

99% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following countries is NOT among the 33 that have not signed the Ottawa Treaty?

Canada Signup and view all the answers

What significant outcome has been attributed to the Grameen Bank's microloan program?

58% of borrowers rising above the poverty line. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of a country's Gross Domestic Income does the U.N. suggest should be given as foreign aid?

0.7% Signup and view all the answers

What has globalization primarily increased that has affected global income inequality?

Depth and range of trade. Signup and view all the answers

As of 2020, what percentage of the population lives on less than $1.90 a day?

9.2% Signup and view all the answers

What major global issue has arisen despite the economic benefits brought by globalization?

Continuous rise in global poverty levels. Signup and view all the answers

Which major milestone was achieved by the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues in 2007?

Persuading the U.N. to aid Indigenous peoples Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the historical lack of representation for Indigenous peoples in the United Nations?

Historical globalization Signup and view all the answers

Which country has achieved the closest foreign aid amount to the U.N.'s goal, and when?

Canada in 1986 Signup and view all the answers

How many Indigenous peoples worldwide were without representation in the U.N. until recent history?

Approximately 370 million Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a goal of the United Nations?

Fight crime Signup and view all the answers

What was a noted achievement of 1.2 billion people from 1990 to 2020?

They climbed out of extreme poverty Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Global Historical Globalization

The study examines the legacies of historical globalization, focusing on specific case studies, key terms, and the effectiveness of responses to these legacies.
Included in the study are discussions of genocide, Gacaca Courts, Apartheid, Foreign Aid, and Gross National Income.
A case study is focused on Rwanda.
The pre-colonial period of Rwanda included two principal indigenous groups: Hutus (85%) and Tutsis (15%).
Traditionally, Tutsis held positions of power, while Hutus were primarily labourers.
Despite a perceived lower social status, the two groups coexisted peacefully before colonization.

Rwanda - Colonization

During the Scramble for Africa, Germany colonized Rwanda.
German colonial officials reinforced the traditional hierarchy.
Tutsis were appointed to key positions and perceived as 'more European'.
This contributed to future tensions.

Rwanda - Post-Colonization

After World War II, most European colonies in Africa sought independence.
Belgium granted Rwanda independence in 1962.
A civil war erupted between Hutus and Tutsis, primarily over who would control the political power.
The Hutus formed a majority government, leading to escalating tensions and violence.
This resulted in many Tutsis fleeing Rwanda.

Rwanda - Post-Genocide

Rwanda experienced a period of political instability following the genocide.
The UN Security Council established the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.
The effort intended to address high-ranking government and military officials who participated in the genocide.
The genocide resulted in significant societal changes, with a substantial proportion of the population becoming female by 2006.

Gacaca Courts

By 2006, only 22 judgements had been made by the UN involving 28 people.
More than 130,000 people had yet to be tried for their participation in the genocide.
To combat this, traditional Rwandan gacaca courts were established to try low-level officials as well as ordinary people.
This method, described as "justice on the ground", involved the entire community in the proceedings and aimed at fostering reconciliation.

International Support

Rwanda, after the genocide, received substantial international aid focused on health, education and food programs, among other initiatives.

Rebuilding the Economy

Coffee was Rwanda's primary export during the Belgian rule.
During the genocide, many coffee farms were destroyed.
With the support of the international community, a substantial portion (30%) of the coffee farms were rebuilt.

South Africa: History

In 1652, South Africa was colonized by the Dutch, then the French, Portuguese, and British.
Each colonization wave led to the displacement and suppression of Indigenous peoples.
This resulted in a Eurocentric perspective, where Indigenous and Indian immigrants were viewed as significantly different or inferior.

Racism as Government Policy

South Africa became an independent dominion in 1926.
Even after independence, South Africa continued with racial segregation, known as apartheid.
Laws and regulations were enacted to maintain white political dominance.
Black South Africans held the numerical majority but had limited political and economic rights in comparison to white citizens.
This resulted in significant inequality.

Apartheid Opposition

Apartheid policies were a source of widespread tension.
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, numerous groups used various methods to oppose the apartheid regime.
The South African government responded to this opposition by banning protest organizations and imprisoning their leaders, including Nelson Mandela.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Nelson Mandela and the South African government initiated the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in 1996.
The purpose of the TRC was to address the past atrocities caused by apartheid.
Archbishop Desmond Tutu was chosen as the chairperson of the Commission.
The TRC involved hearings designed to engage victims and perpetrators of human rights violations, and to reconcile the affected communities.

Globalization and Income Inequality

Globalization has resulted in an increase in the volume, speed, and scope of global trade.
This has led to an uneven distribution of wealth, resulting in global income inequality.
The disparity in living standards between rich and poor nations is one of the negative impacts of extensive global trade.

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Description

Test your knowledge on critical events in South African and Rwandan history. This quiz covers topics from apartheid, the Soweto protests, to the Rwandan genocide. Explore the major figures, actions, and consequences that shaped these nations.