Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a primary advantage of using suppositories for medication?
What is a primary advantage of using suppositories for medication?
Which type of medication is typically sweeter and more viscous than elixirs?
Which type of medication is typically sweeter and more viscous than elixirs?
What distinguishes a suspension from other forms of liquid medication?
What distinguishes a suspension from other forms of liquid medication?
What are elixirs typically composed of?
What are elixirs typically composed of?
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What is the primary route of administration for inhalation aerosols?
What is the primary route of administration for inhalation aerosols?
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What are tablets primarily composed of?
What are tablets primarily composed of?
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What distinguishes hard-shell gelatin capsules from soft-shell gelatin capsules?
What distinguishes hard-shell gelatin capsules from soft-shell gelatin capsules?
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What characterizes lozenges?
What characterizes lozenges?
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Which dosage form contains both solids and liquids but is too thick to be a liquid?
Which dosage form contains both solids and liquids but is too thick to be a liquid?
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What is the primary composition of O/W type creams?
What is the primary composition of O/W type creams?
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How do W/O creams differ from O/W creams in their formulation?
How do W/O creams differ from O/W creams in their formulation?
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What is the main characteristic of pastes compared to ointments?
What is the main characteristic of pastes compared to ointments?
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What type of preparation are powders considered?
What type of preparation are powders considered?
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Study Notes
Solid Dosage Forms
- Tablets: Unit solid dosage forms containing active ingredients and excipients. Vary in size, shape, weight, hardness, etc.
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Capsules: Unit solid dosage forms with a gelatin shell. The shell breaks to release the drug.
- Hard-shell: Two-piece shell, holds powdered or granular drug.
- Soft-shell: One-piece shell, usually holds liquid drug (e.g., omega-3).
- Lozenges: Hardened base (sugar, water), containing drug and flavoring. Dissolve slowly in mouth, topical drug delivery to mouth and throat.
- Powders: Multi-dose preparations of solid particles (varying fineness). Contain one or more active ingredients, possibly with excipients, coloring, and flavoring.
Semisolid Dosage Forms
- Semisolids: Contain both liquids and solids. A dosage form between liquids and solids, intended for topical application.
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Creams: Semi-solid mixtures of oil and water.
- O/W (oil-in-water): Small oil droplets in continuous water phase. Cosmetically better: less greasy and easily washable.
- W/O (water-in-oil): Small water droplets in continuous oil phase. More moisturizing, creating an oily barrier to reduce water loss from skin.
- Ointments: Semi-solid, greasy preparations for skin, rectum, or nasal application. Oil base, immiscible with skin secretions.
- Pastes: Semi-solid dosage forms with a higher proportion of solid materials than ointments.
Liquid Dosage Forms
- Elixirs: Alcohol and water solutions, with added sugar and flavorings. Commonly used for pediatric and elderly patients who have difficulty swallowing tablets or capsules. Example: Bronquium®.
- Syrups: Concentrated solutions of sugar, water, and flavorings (no alcohol). Sweeter and more viscous than elixirs. Used in many cough medications, acting as a soothing agent for inflamed mucous membranes.
- Suspensions: Solid particles dispersed in a liquid phase. Solid is the dispersed phase, the liquid is the continuous phase.
Gas Dosage Forms
- Inhalation Aerosols: Finely powdered or solution/suspension drugs. Administered through the nasal or oral respiratory route for local or systemic effects.
Suppositories
- Suppositories: Small solid medicated masses (often cone-shaped). Inserted into rectum (rectal), vagina (vaginal or pessaries). Melt at body temperature for use.
- Advantages: Easy administration for children, elderly, or unconscious patients. Can target local effects or systemic effects (avoiding first-pass metabolism). Useful for those with nausea or vomiting.
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Description
Explore the various types of solid and semisolid dosage forms in this quiz. You will learn about tablets, capsules, lozenges, powders, and creams, including their formulations and applications. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of pharmaceutical dosage forms.
