Semi-Solid Dosage Forms: Pastes Chapter 10 Quiz
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Semi-Solid Dosage Forms: Pastes Chapter 10 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which product has the capacity to absorb up to three times its weight in water?

  • Hydrophilic Petrolatum, USP (correct)
  • Water-Soluble Bases
  • Hydrophilic Ointment, USP
  • Lanolin, USP

    • Which type of base is Hydrophilic Ointment, USP?

  • Water-Soluble
  • Water-Removable
  • Oleaginous
  • Hydrophilic (correct)

    • Which substance is obtained from the wool of sheep and contains not more than 0.25% water?

  • Methylparaben
  • Propylparaben
  • Lanolin, USP (correct)
  • Lauryl sulfate

    • Which type of base does not contain oleaginous components?

    <p>Water-Soluble Bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using antimicrobial preservatives in ointments and pastes?

    <p>To prevent microbial growth and maintain stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are pastes not suited for application to hairy parts of the body?

    <p>Because of their stiffness and impenetrability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is zinc oxide paste prepared?

    <p>By mixing 25% each of zinc oxide and starch with white petrolatum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it challenging to sterilize terminal products like ointments?

    <p>Because steam cannot penetrate the ointment base effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of emulgel over conventional topical preparations?

    <p>It can incorporate hydrophobic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of antimicrobial preservatives in gels?

    <p>To prevent the growth of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes emulgel from conventional topical preparations?

    <p>It is a combination of an emulsion and a gel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component allows gels to be formulated to contain a drug substance, solvents, antimicrobial preservatives, and stabilizers?

    <p>Gelling agent dispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are certain products routinely tested for microorganisms?

    <p>Because of the way they are used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of container are ophthalmic, nasal, vaginal, and rectal semisolid products almost always packaged?

    <p>Plastic tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are tubes considered superior to jars for packaging semisolid preparations?

    <p>They provide greater protection against external contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the USP’s minimum fill test?

    <p>To ensure the proper content compared with the labeled amount</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Topical ointments, creams, and gels are designed to deliver drugs locally.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rate of drug movement across the skin layer depends on the drug concentration in the vehicle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ointments are always medicated and used for their physical effects only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ointment bases are generally classified into three groups by the United States Pharmacopeia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pharmacist may mix the components of an ointment using a mortar and pestle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stainless steel spatula should be used when the components of an ointment react with metal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Liquid substances or solutions of drugs should be added to an ointment without considering the ointment base's capacity to accept the volume required.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gummy materials, such as camphor, can be incorporated into ointments using pulverization by intervention.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ointments are not effectively incorporated into bases because they soften greatly with the addition of water.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ointment bases are selected based on the desirability of occlusion of the moisture from the skin.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ointments can be prepared by two general methods: Fusion and Infusion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ointment is generally applied to weeping or oozing surfaces, while a cream is applied to dry, scaly skin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ophthalmic ointments provide extended residence time on the surface of the eye compared to ophthalmic solutions

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ophthalmic ointments are cleared from the eye faster than solutions

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ophthalmic ointments must meet the USP sterility tests and the test for metal particles

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each drug and other components used in ophthalmic ointments are rendered sterile separately and then incorporated in preparing the final product

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between ointments, creams, and gels?

    <p>The physical and chemical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of semisolid dosage form has the capacity to absorb up to three times its weight in water?

    <p>Pastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should systemic drug absorption be considered when using topical products for pregnant or nursing patients?

    <p>To prevent potential transfer of drugs to the fetus or nursing infant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of container are ophthalmic, nasal, vaginal, and rectal semisolid products almost always packaged?

    <p>Metal tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is best suited for preparing medicated ointments containing beeswax, stearyl alcohol, and high molecular weight PEGs?

    <p>Fusion method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equipment is used for large-scale congealing of ointments after the fusion method?

    <p>Large steam-jacketed kettle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of passing the congealed ointment through an ointment mill or rubbing with a spatula or in a mortar?

    <p>To ensure uniform texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mills can be used on a large scale to force coarsely formed ointments through stainless steel or ceramic rollers?

    <p>Roller mills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor to consider when selecting the appropriate ointment base?

    <p>The release rate of the drug substance from the base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used for preparing ointments by mixing the components until a uniform preparation is attained?

    <p>Incorporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when incorporating large amounts of aqueous solutions into certain ointment bases?

    <p>They become less stable when mixed with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic makes some ointments generally more suitable for application to dry, scaly skin?

    <p>They are water washable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do creams usually require the addition of a preservative?

    <p>To prevent the growth of microorganisms and increase their shelf life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of gelling agents in the preparation of gels?

    <p>To render them jellylike and provide a translucent or transparent appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for shaking medicated gels before use?

    <p>To liquefy the gel and enable pouring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of adding a suitable solvent with preservatives and other additives in gel preparation?

    <p>It helps in dissolving the drug and ensures its stability in the gel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gelling agents in the preparation of gels?

    <p>To render the aqueous liquid vehicle jellylike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must creams usually require the addition of a preservative?

    <p>To extend the shelf life of creams and prevent microbial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of gels thickening on standing and requiring shaking before use?

    <p>It creates a thixotropic property that enables liquefying before use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of medicated gels prepared for administration by various routes?

    <p>They provide high rates of release of the medicament and rapid absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for adding a suitable solvent with preservatives and other additives in gel preparation?

    <p>To dissolve the drug and ensure its uniform distribution in the gel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hydrophilic Petrolatum, USP

    • Formula for 1,000 g preparation: Cholesterol 30 g, Stearyl alc. 30 g, White wax 80 g, and White petrolatum 860 g
    • Commercial products like Aquaphor and Aquabase can absorb up to three times their weight in water and are useful for incorporating water-soluble drugs into oleaginous ointment bases

    Lanolin, USP

    • Obtained from the wool of sheep and purified to contain not more than 0.25% water
    • A waxlike substance that has been cleaned, deodorized, and decolorized

    Water-Removable Bases (Water-washable)

    • Oil-in-water emulsions (o/w) resembling creams
    • Easily washed from skin and often called water-washable bases
    • Can be diluted with water or aqueous solutions and absorb serous discharges
    • Hydrophilic Ointment, USP is an example of this type of base
    • Formula for 1,000 g preparation: Methylparaben 0.25 g, Propylparaben 0.15 g, Lauryl sulfate 10 g, Propylene glycol 120 g, Stearyl alcohol 250 g, White petrolatum 250 g, and Purified water 370 g

    Water-Soluble Bases (Greaseless)

    • Do not contain oleaginous components

    Microbial Limit Test and Minimum Fill Test

    • Conducted for both raw materials and finished products
    • Used to determine the net weight or volume of the content of the filled containers

    Packaging, Storage, and Labeling

    • Ointments and semisolid preparations packaged in large mouth ointment jars or metal/plastic tubes
    • Topical dermatologic products in jars or tubes, ophthalmic, nasal, vaginal, and rectal semisolid products in tubes
    • Jars and tubes should be compatible and stable with the intended product
    • Tubes are superior to jars due to being lightweight, inexpensive, convenient, and providing greater protection

    Antimicrobial Preservatives and Metal Particles Test

    • Antimicrobial preservatives like methylparaben, propylparaben, chlorobutanol, and benzalkonium chloride are used as needed
    • The USP test for metal particles involves microscopic examination of a heat-melted ophthalmic ointment

    Pastes

    • Semisolid preparations intended for application to the skin
    • Contain a larger proportion of solid material (e.g., 25%) than ointments and are stiffer
    • Can be prepared by direct mixing or heat softening the base prior to incorporating solids
    • Often use a levigating agent to render the powdered component smooth
    • Remain in place after application and are effectively employed to absorb serous secretions
    • Not suited for application to hairy parts of the body due to stiffness and impenetrability
    • Examples include zinc oxide paste, prepared by mixing 25% each of zinc oxide and starch with white petrolatum

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    Chapter 10 Semi-solid Dosage Forms PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of pastes, a type of semi-solid dosage form, with this quiz focused on Chapter 10 material. Explore topics such as antimicrobial preservatives, steam penetration, ointment base, and metal particles testing.

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