Social Science: Psychology and Sociology

Definition: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Key Concepts:
- Cognition: Mental processes such as perception, memory, and decision-making.
- Behaviorism: Focus on observable behaviors and the responses to environmental stimuli.
- Developmental Psychology: Study of how people grow and change from infancy to old age.
- Abnormal Psychology: Examination of psychological disorders and their treatments.
- Social Psychology: How individuals influence and are influenced by others.

Definition: The study of society, social institutions, and social relationships.
Key Concepts:
- Culture: Shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group.
- Social Structure: The organized pattern of social relationships and social institutions.
- Socialization: Process through which individuals learn and internalize the values and norms of their society.
- Deviance: Behavior that violates social norms.
- Stratification: Hierarchical organization of individuals based on wealth, power, and status.

Definition: The study of government systems, political behavior, and political theories.
Key Concepts:
- Political Theory: Exploration of ideas such as justice, rights, and power.
- Comparative Politics: Analysis of different political systems worldwide.
- International Relations: Study of interactions between countries, including diplomacy and conflict.
- Public Policy: Examination of government actions and their impacts on society.
- Political Institutions: Structures of government and their functions, e.g., legislatures, executives, and judiciary.

Definition: The study of humans, their behavior, and societies in the past and present.
Key Concepts:
- Cultural Anthropology: Study of cultural variations among humans.
- Archaeology: Examination of past human societies through material remains.
- Linguistic Anthropology: Study of how language influences social life.
- Biological Anthropology: Focus on the biological development of humans and primates.
- Ethnography: In-depth study of people and cultures through fieldwork.

Definition: The study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Key Concepts:
- Microeconomics: Focus on individual consumers and businesses.
- Macroeconomics: Examination of the economy as a whole, including inflation, unemployment, and GDP.
- Supply and Demand: Fundamental economic model explaining price formation.
- Market Structures: Types of markets (perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly).
- Fiscal and Monetary Policy: Government policies on taxation and spending or control of the money supply.

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Cognition involves mental processes like perception, memory, and decision-making.
Behaviorism studies observable behaviors and environmental responses.
Developmental Psychology investigates growth from infancy to old age.
Abnormal Psychology focuses on psychological disorders and their treatments.
Social Psychology explores individual influence within social contexts.

Study of society, social institutions, and relationships.
Culture encompasses shared beliefs, values, and practices of groups.
Social Structure refers to the organized patterns of relationships and institutions.
Socialization is the process of learning and internalizing societal values and norms.
Deviance describes behaviors that violate social norms.
Stratification indicates hierarchical organization based on wealth, power, and status.

Examination of government systems, political behavior, and theories.
Political Theory delves into concepts of justice, rights, and power.
Comparative Politics analyzes various political systems globally.
International Relations studies interactions between nations, including diplomacy and conflict.
Public Policy investigates governmental actions and societal impacts.
Political Institutions include structures of government like legislatures, executives, and judiciary.

Study of humans, their behaviors, and societies across time.
Cultural Anthropology focuses on cultural variations among populations.
Archaeology examines past societies through material remains.
Linguistic Anthropology investigates the influence of language on social life.
Biological Anthropology emphasizes the biological development of humans and primates.
Ethnography involves in-depth cultural studies through fieldwork.

Study of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Microeconomics analyzes individual consumers and businesses.
Macroeconomics looks at the overall economy, including inflation, unemployment, and GDP.
Supply and Demand is a core model explaining how prices are formed.
Market Structures classify markets into perfect competition, monopoly, and oligopoly.
Fiscal and Monetary Policy involve government strategies on taxation, spending, and money supply control.