Sociology and Psychology Theories Quiz

<p>The meanings individuals attach to their daily interactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total institution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unconscious instinctive drives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each life stage involves a central crisis affecting individual growth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning and cultural influence are key to behavior development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changing habits through rewards and punishments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Policing moral behavior and conscience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Edward Thorndike (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Id (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The strong influence of social and cultural factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between language and cultural factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variety of a language that differs in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language shapes our understanding of the world and is culture-specific (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minority cultures that differ but do not oppose the dominant culture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contribute to understanding how language reflects and shapes thoughts about gender (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary socialization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires cultural capital and sophisticated tastes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic makeup (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reflects the culture of the majority and those without power. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Popular culture has more agency in its creation and consumption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural or social determinism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contributes to lifelong learning and adaptation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imaginary cultural images replicated by media. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Finding a definitive interpretation or purpose in a text. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It results in people having little to no agency in cultural consumption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simulacra. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children need less structured activities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It exposes children to adult content. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It takes place primarily in school or work environments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being forced to assimilate in a new environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They signal a person's change of status. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A ritual that strips away a person's individuality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taking on subject matters traditionally assigned to the opposite sex. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It typically involves personal choice and life changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are key individuals from whom children model their behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Play stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Looking-glass self (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How you judge others' appearances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have the agency to resist the messages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The expectations and attitudes of society as a whole. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preparatory stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Significant and generalized others' influences persist throughout life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It diminishes the natural reaction to violence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By arguing that they serve to reinforce social norms of the upper class. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prepare students for the dominant societal values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can shape students' perceptions and expectations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boys have a greater aptitude for STEM subjects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social Facts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latent Functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural Functionalism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Class Division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microsociology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unrecognized outcomes that have negative implications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gender inequality and power relations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Robert K. Merton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals are active agents rather than passive recipients. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are individuals that children specifically model their behaviors after. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Game stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imagined appearance component (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a sequential process involving imitation and role-taking. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fight for equality in the home and workplace (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the internalization of societal norms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The notion of objective analysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They continue to shape attitudes and responses throughout life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mary Wollstonecraft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The child mimics behaviors without understanding their significance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual narratives that challenge dominant ideologies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To lead to empirical proof through systematic investigation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dominance of one set of beliefs over others (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It comprises the structured approach to data collection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language as part of culture and its relation to sociological factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dialect is a variety of language tied to a particular region. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between language and cultural understanding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first sociology department was founded (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary socialization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ibn Khaldun (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that genetics play a significant role in shaping behavior and attitudes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertical mosaic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They influence and reflect how we understand gender concepts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary socialization occurs during childhood, while secondary occurs later in life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industrialization, Urbanization, Population increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrosociology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interaction between genetics and environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Annie Marie MacLean (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were influenced by British and American perspectives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Harold Innis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many sociologists were hired from abroad (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is rooted in colonialism and colonial exploitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Challenging a function by asking which group it best serves.

Society is a hierarchy where group position depends on wealth production.

Conflict between capitalists (Bourgeoisie) and workers (Proletariat).

Focuses on the meanings individuals use in daily interactions to create social systems.

Process of developing self and social roles through interaction.

The study of language as part of culture. It examines how language is used and shaped by social factors, such as ethnicity, age, and gender.

A variety of a language that has unique pronunciations, vocabulary, and grammar, often judged as proper or improper.

The idea that our language shapes how we think and perceive the world.

This hypothesis suggests that language and culture are intertwined, and language carries culturally specific meanings.

Socialization that occurs during childhood, where we learn basic social skills and values.

Socialization that happens later in life, through experiences like school, work, and relationships.

The idea that our behavior and characteristics are determined by factors like genetics or environment.

The idea that our biological makeup (nature) is the primary factor determining our characteristics.

A group with customs and beliefs different from the dominant culture but not in direct opposition to it.

A set of skills and knowledge that demonstrate sophisticated tastes and mark someone as belonging to high culture.

The culture of the majority, especially those who lack significant power in society.

Culture created by powerful institutions and consumed by people with limited agency.

Stereotypical, often exaggerated representations of cultures or groups in media and popular culture.

Looking for the intended meaning or message within a cultural product, considering its purpose in shaping opinion or behavior.

Interpreting cultural products based on one's own perspective, drawing personal meaning independently of creator's intent.

The ability of individuals or groups to act independently and creatively with cultural resources.

The idea that human behavior is overly determined by social influence, ignoring individual agency.

Individuals are not passive recipients of societal messages, but can actively resist and shape their own experiences.

Groups that significantly influence an individual's development of values, beliefs, and behaviors.

Key individuals, like parents or close friends, who directly influence a child's early development.

The broader societal expectations and norms internalized by an individual.

The self-image formed based on how an individual perceives themselves being viewed by others.

1. How you imagine you appear to others. 2. How you imagine those others judge your appearance. 3. How you feel about those judgments.

The ability to understand and take on the perspectives of others, essential to developing a sense of self.

The ongoing debate about whether our traits are primarily determined by our genes (nature) or our experiences (nurture).

The idea that our genes might influence our talents and abilities, like sports, music, or art.

Freud's theory that the human mind has three parts: the id (instinctive drives), the superego (conscience), and the ego (mediator between the id and superego).

The unconscious part of the mind driven by instincts, including Eros (pleasure seeking) and Thanatos (aggression and violence).

The part of the mind that acts as a moral compass, internalizing societal rules and values.

The conscious part of the mind that balances the demands of the id and the superego, shaping our personality.

A psychological theory that emphasizes the role of learning in shaping behavior, taking a strong 'nurture' perspective.

Edward Thorndike's principle that behavior followed by rewards is strengthened (reinforced) and behavior followed by punishments is weakened.

A condition where children experience adult-like stress and guilt due to overscheduled lives and lack of free play.

The difference in technology use between children and parents creates a communication gap, impacting socialization.

Choosing to change your social environment and learning new norms, often marked by a rite of passage.

Being forced to change your social environment and learn new norms, often in institutions that control all aspects of life.

Environments that completely control and regulate an individual's life, leading to resocialization through forced behavior change.

A ritual that strips individuals of their individuality and identity, part of resocialization in total institutions.

'Nurture' in the 'nature vs. nurture' debate, stating that our environment and experiences primarily shape our traits.

A perspective that views society as a complex system with interconnected parts (like a body) that work together to maintain stability.

A perspective that sees society as characterized by conflict and inequality, with power struggles between groups over resources and control.

Patterns of behavior, thinking, and feeling that exist outside any individual, but exert social control over people.

The intended and obvious consequences of a social structure or action.

The unintended and often hidden consequences of a social structure or action.

The unintended and negative consequences of a social structure or action.

The study of small-scale social interactions, focusing on individual plans, motivations, and actions.

A theory focusing on how our personal experiences and social positions shape our understanding of the world.

A dominant set of beliefs or ideas that tries to control how everyone thinks about a topic.

Different periods of the feminist movement focused on specific goals, like gaining voting rights or addressing workplace inequality.

A perspective that challenges dominant viewpoints and emphasizes a range of voices, especially those marginalized.

The system of methods used by researchers to gather data for a specific study.

The systematic process used in sociology to gather evidence and test ideas through observation and analysis.

An Arab scholar who conducted the first systematic study of sociological subjects in his book "An Introduction to History." He analyzed different societies, their histories, cultures, and economies.

Weber explored how the Protestant work ethic, focused on hard work and frugality, contributed to the development of modern capitalism.

Sociology emerged in North America in the late 19th/early 20th century, focusing on understanding social changes related to European immigration.

The University of Chicago's sociology department, founded in 1892, is the first in North America and became known for its influential sociologists in the 1920s and 1930s.

Porter described Canada's stratified society as a 'vertical mosaic,' where different racial, ethnic, and religious groups occupy distinct hierarchical positions due to systemic discrimination.

Annie Marie MacLean was the first Canadian woman to earn a PhD in sociology, showcasing the emergence of women's contributions to the field.

Sociology gained significance in Canada in the 1960s and 1970s, initially relying on American and British perspectives until a push for Canadianization emerged.

Sociology has diversified into different schools of thought, with variations in how research is conducted and interpreted, like structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interaction.

The idea that repeated exposure to violence in media, like TV, can make people less sensitive to it and less likely to feel negative emotions about it.

A set of deeply ingrained beliefs, values, and behaviors that influence an individual's actions and choices. This is shaped by their social environment.

The processes by which social classes maintain their power and status differences across generations, often through education, social networks, and cultural values.

Teachers are important figures in shaping students' beliefs, values, and skills, often contributing to their identity and social understanding.

Observable differences in educational performance between boys and girls are often influenced by societal expectations and socialization patterns.

Mead's three stages of socialization: 1. Preparatory: imitation, 2. Play: role-taking, 3. Game: understanding multiple roles simultaneously.