Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a dispositional factor influencing life satisfaction?
Which of the following is NOT considered a dispositional factor influencing life satisfaction?
- Environmental conditions (correct)
- Mood
- Political Preference
- Demographic factors
What was a common observation related to life satisfaction during the COVID study?
What was a common observation related to life satisfaction during the COVID study?
- Open-minded people had less concern about COVID
- Associated health issues increased life satisfaction
- Working from home decreased life satisfaction
- Extraverted individuals reported less life satisfaction (correct)
What does the second-order change focus on according to community psychology?
What does the second-order change focus on according to community psychology?
- Economic growth as the primary focus
- Individual success and accolades
- Short-term solutions to problems
- Empowering community problem-solving (correct)
In the Brindal 2021 COVID study, which of the following factors contributed to more life satisfaction?
In the Brindal 2021 COVID study, which of the following factors contributed to more life satisfaction?
What is the primary focus of social psychology?
What is the primary focus of social psychology?
What percentage of participants in the windowless room study felt uncomfortable due to lack of human contact?
What percentage of participants in the windowless room study felt uncomfortable due to lack of human contact?
Which of the following limitations affects the reliability of the COVID study findings?
Which of the following limitations affects the reliability of the COVID study findings?
Which demographic factor is least likely to influence a person's reaction to a situation?
Which demographic factor is least likely to influence a person's reaction to a situation?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential impact of social isolation?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential impact of social isolation?
What limitation was noted in the social isolation study regarding demographic representation?
What limitation was noted in the social isolation study regarding demographic representation?
What aspect is rejected by community psychology in favor of a collectivist perspective?
What aspect is rejected by community psychology in favor of a collectivist perspective?
How many degrees of separation is the 'small world phenomenon' theorized to involve?
How many degrees of separation is the 'small world phenomenon' theorized to involve?
Which outcome is associated with less life satisfaction during the COVID study?
Which outcome is associated with less life satisfaction during the COVID study?
Which of the following ethical considerations is associated with conducting research on human participants?
Which of the following ethical considerations is associated with conducting research on human participants?
What common misconception is highlighted concerning an individual's reaction to social situations?
What common misconception is highlighted concerning an individual's reaction to social situations?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to social behavior variability?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to social behavior variability?
Flashcards
Social Psychology Definition
Social Psychology Definition
The study of how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others (real, imagined, or implied).
Impacts of Social Isolation
Impacts of Social Isolation
Social isolation leads to negative health consequences, such as increased blood pressure, mental illness, physical inactivity, dementia, emotional distress, poor immune function, smoking, poor sleep, decreased wellbeing, poor health behavior, and premature death.
Small World Phenomenon
Small World Phenomenon
The idea that any two individuals can be connected through a chain of at most five acquaintances.
Environmental Factors
Environmental Factors
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Ethical Considerations in Social Psychology Research
Ethical Considerations in Social Psychology Research
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What is social psychology?
What is social psychology?
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What are the limitations of the social isolation study?
What are the limitations of the social isolation study?
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What are the ethical considerations of the social isolation study?
What are the ethical considerations of the social isolation study?
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Dispositional Factors
Dispositional Factors
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Community Psychology
Community Psychology
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Second-Order Change
Second-Order Change
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Individualism vs. Collectivism
Individualism vs. Collectivism
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Life Satisfaction
Life Satisfaction
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Brindal 2021 COVID Study
Brindal 2021 COVID Study
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Positive Impact on Life Satisfaction (Brindal Study)
Positive Impact on Life Satisfaction (Brindal Study)
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Negative Impact on Life Satisfaction (Brindal Study)
Negative Impact on Life Satisfaction (Brindal Study)
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Study Notes
Social Psychology Definition
- Social psychology is the scientific study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence (actual, imagined, or implied) of other people.
Gordon Allport (1954)
- Emphasized how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are affected by other people.
- Highlighted the study of individuals within society.
- Stressed the role of other people and media in shaping attitudes about the world.
Schachter 1959 Social Isolation Experiment
- Five volunteers were isolated in a windowless room with only food, water, and entertainment.
- 80% of participants expressed discomfort without human contact.
- Most participants couldn't withstand isolation for long periods.
- Psychological stress (anxiety and depression) occurred in some.
- One participant lasted 8 days without negative effects.
- All volunteers experienced varying durations.
Limitations of Schachter's Experiment
- Small sample size.
- Lack of cultural diversity.
- Limited representation.
- Lack of control group, and natural environment.
- Unaccounted for the impact of food and entertainment on motivation.
- Unclear measurement tools of psychological impact.
Ethics Considerations
- Participants had a right to withdraw at any point.
- Participants received informed consent.
- Resources and debriefing were available post-experiment.
- Recruitment methods.
- Benefits to the participants.
- Participants were not coerced or paid.
Impacts of Social Isolation (Hawthorn 2006, Holt-Lunstad 2015, Shanker 2015)
- Social isolation is linked with:
- High blood pressure
- Mental illness
- Physical inactivity
- Dementia
- Emotional distress
- Poorer immune functioning
- Smoking
- Poor sleep
- Reduced well-being
- Poor health behaviours,
- Premature death
Milgram 1967 (6 Degrees of Separation)
- Introduced the "Small World Phenomenon."
- Suggested any two individuals can be linked via a chain of acquaintanceships of at most five intermediary individuals.
Environmental Factors
- Factors to explain why the same person can act differently in varying situations.
- Other people
- Objects
- Information
- Social systems
- Events
Dispositional Factors
- Factors to explain why individuals react differently to the same situation.
- Personality
- Demographic factors (age, gender)
- Mood
- Culture
- Prior beliefs
- Genetic predispositions
- Skills
- Educational level
- Political preference
Brinkdal 2021 COVID Study
- Examined how life satisfaction changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Found that personal factors (dispositional) significantly affected how people felt about their life satisfaction before, during, and after the pandemic.
- Factors that improved life satisfaction:
- Working from home.
- More children living at home.
- More time for hobbies.
- Open minded individuals.
- Factors that decreased life satisfaction:
- Unhealthy eating patterns worsened.
- Increased screen time.
- Extroverted individuals.
- Agreeable individuals.
- Concerns about COVID's societal impact.
Strengths and Limitations of Brinkdal Study
- Strengths: Large sample size. Measurement of numerous dispositional factors.
- Limitations: Self-reported data, potential for recall bias (distorting answers), subjective nature of response about a past event.
Community Psychology & Collectivism
- Emphasizes societal and environmental factors affecting behavior and mental wellbeing
- Seeks to address societal problems collectively
- Aims for improvements by considering the needs of many through shared interventions.
Kelly 2019 Social Enterprise in Scotland
- Explores social isolation through community-based initiatives.
- Highlights the importance of social connections and the ramifications of isolation.
- Recognizes that dispositional factors have influence on how people react to social environments.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of social psychology including its definition, influences on behavior, and pivotal experiments like Schachter's isolation study. Understand how individual thoughts and feelings can be affected by the presence of others, highlighting the important role society plays in shaping our attitudes and behaviors.
