Social Determinants of Health and Disparities
42 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What demographic had the highest rate of suicide deaths in 2020?

  • Youth under 24
  • Black women
  • Middle-age white men (correct)
  • Elderly black men

    • What percentage of suicide deaths in 2020 were accounted for by firearms?

  • 69.68%
  • 35.6%
  • 52.83% (correct)
  • 130%

    • Which group experienced a significant increase in death by suicide over the past decade?

  • Hispanic adults
  • Asian men
  • White youth
  • Black people in the USA (correct)

    • What structural variable was found to be positively associated with suicide rates in all groups?

    <p>Incarceration rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theoretical frameworks are suggested for examining risk and prevention of suicidality?

    <p>Intersectionality and socio-ecological theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one assumption of the structural functional perspective regarding social problems?

    <p>Good, stable infrastructures contribute to societal function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theorist is associated with the concept of solidarity and collective consciousness within the structural functional perspective?

    <p>Durkheim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the structural functional theory, what can trigger social problems?

    <p>Failures in institutional processes and policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the conflict perspective highlight about societal functioning?

    <p>Contradictory interests lead to inequalities and social change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research area examines the impact of deindustrialization on urban underclass as per structural functional analysis?

    <p>Wilson - deindustrialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of newly diagnosed HIV cases in 2022 were reported in the South?

    <p>52%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographic area had the lowest percentage of newly diagnosed HIV cases in 2022?

    <p>U.S. territories and freely associated states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to racial perspectives on health, what is a consequence of childhood poverty?

    <p>Inadequate education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which initiative is focused on areas with over 50% of HIV diagnoses in 2016 and 2017?

    <p>Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to the cumulative disadvantage experienced over a person's lifetime?

    <p>Life course perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    David Williams is recognized for his work on which health disparity issue?

    <p>Discrimination and health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of social determinants of health?

    <p>They include stress and social ties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT identified as a health-related issue connected to discrimination?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group has the highest death rates related to cancer?

    <p>Black/African-American individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural factor is NOT mentioned as influencing COVID transmission?

    <p>Income inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor affecting cancer screening among low-income individuals?

    <p>Health literacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population is more likely to smoke and drink alcohol, increasing cancer risks?

    <p>Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cancer types show higher incidence rates in rural Appalachia compared to urban areas?

    <p>Colorectal, lung, and cervical cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental condition can disproportionately affect cancer rates in certain communities?

    <p>Lack of clean water or air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic is least likely to receive recommended cancer screening tests?

    <p>Individuals with low incomes and no health insurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is suggested to influence behaviors that may increase cancer risk?

    <p>Built environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Gini Coefficient measure in relation to health?

    <p>Distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a Social Determinant of Health?

    <p>Individual lifestyle choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many people worldwide are reported to be infected with HIV/AIDS?

    <p>38.4 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods can significantly reduce the likelihood of contracting HIV?

    <p>Abstinence and safe sex practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'AIDS' stand for?

    <p>Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is often linked to geographical disparities in health, particularly regarding air pollution?

    <p>Associated fine particulates and ozone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recognized way HIV can be transmitted?

    <p>Through unprotected sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sociological perspective is important when analyzing AIDS?

    <p>Morality and stigma associated with the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts describes the disadvantages that accumulate over time due to factors like racism and poverty?

    <p>Cumulative Disadvantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor influencing access to healthcare and education for marginalized groups?

    <p>Political representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the impact of social constructs on public perception regarding drugs?

    <p>Stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociologist argues for the inclusion of information dissemination in public sociology?

    <p>Herbert Gans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What policy topic is directly addressed through testimony and reports by sociology practitioners?

    <p>Criminal justice reform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do sociologists often play in shaping civil rights policies?

    <p>Research analysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dynamic is frequently discussed in the context of poverty and inequality?

    <p>Job creation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major health issue disproportionately affects marginalized populations?

    <p>HIV/AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Determinants of Health

    • Health is considered both biological and sociological
    • Recent research emphasizes social determinants of health
    • These include access to health care, education, economic stability, and social/community context
    • Neighborhood and built environments are included

    U.S. Health Disparities

    • Health disparities exist by socioeconomic class
    • Lower-income residents experience fewer healthy days, particularly due to air pollution
    • Health disparities are often geographically linked

    Inequality and Health Connection

    • The Gini coefficient measures income/consumption inequality within an economy
    • A Gini index of 0 means perfect equality, 100 means perfect inequality

    HIV/AIDS as a Social Problem

    • Sociologists analyze HIV/AIDS as a social problem, asking why it was initially prevalent among gay men
    • Aspects to explore include disease stigma, societal attitudes, poverty, racial/ethnic inequality, drug use, and other stigmatized groups

    HIV/AIDS Transmission

    • Transmission routes include sexual contact, blood transfusions, shared needles, and mother-to-child transmission (vertical)
    • A woman can transmit HIV to a fetus during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding
    • The risk of transmission during childbirth, if no breastfeeding is 15-30%, and 30-45% if breastfeeding

    Decrease Likelihood of Contraction

    • Abstinence is the most effective method to decrease risk
    • Safe sex practices, not sharing needles, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can also decrease risk

    History of HIV/AIDS

    • The first case in the U.S. was in 1981
    • HIV is a descendant of a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in chimpanzees

    Who Does HIV/AIDS Affect?

    • Approximately 38.4 million people worldwide are infected with HIV
    • In 2020, the estimated incidence of HIV was approximately 50,000 new cases per year in the U.S.
    • In 2013 an estimated 47,352 people were diagnosed with HIV infection; 26,688 with AIDS in the United States
    • Over 38 million people have been infected and approximately 658,507 people have died

    Summary

    • HIV/AIDS is a major global public health issue requiring multifaceted interventions

    Social Construction of HIV/AIDS

    • Societal perceptions, labeling, and reactions can influence individual experiences with HIV/AIDS
    • Poverty, racism, education, and other social situations can impact the occurrence of and spread of HIV/AIDS

    Health Disparities and Cancer

    • Racial and ethnic groups experience differing cancer-related health outcomes, often linked to social determinants, socioeconomic disparity, lack of access and quality of health care leading to disparities in survival rates.

    Screening and Treatment Disparities

    • Individuals lacking access to adequate health care are more likely to encounter late-stage diagnosis of cancer
    • Lack of insurance and trust in healthcare systems, along with various discrimination factors can prevent vulnerable groups from receiving early diagnosis, treatment and care leading to reduced survival rates.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Intro to Health HIV Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the various determinants of health that encompass both biological and social factors, focusing on how issues like economic stability and education influence health outcomes. This quiz also examines U.S. health disparities, the impact of income inequality, and the sociological perspectives on HIV/AIDS as a significant social problem.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser