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What are the social determinants of health?

  • Factors related to genetic predisposition to diseases
  • Factors that are not influenced by socioeconomic factors
  • Factors that are solely within individuals' control
  • Factors that influence people's health, including living and working conditions (correct)

    • What is the impact of income inequality on health?

  • Income inequality has no impact on health outcomes
  • Greater income inequality leads to a small percentage of the population having a high concentration of income, affecting health (correct)
  • Income inequality results in equal distribution of resources, leading to better health for all
  • Income inequality only affects individuals' control over their health

    • What is the Precariat?

  • A class with no influence on societal changes
  • A class unaffected by economic changes
  • A new global class characterized by precarious (insecure) working conditions (correct)
  • A class with secure and stable working conditions

    • How is education linked to health?

    <p>Early childhood education and care is linked to better adult health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does income serve as a marker for?

    <p>A cluster of other life circumstances, mediated by education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Bartley typology refer to?

    <p>Material, cultural/behavioral, psychosocial, life course, political economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does food insecurity impact health?

    <p>Food insecurity is linked to increased physical and mental health concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of societal factors on health inequities?

    <p>Societal factors shape and help explain health inequities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between equity and equality in the context of healthcare?

    <p>Equity recognizes different circumstances and allocates resources for an equal outcome, while equality means giving the same resources or opportunities to each individual/group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors contribute to the social gradient in health?

    <p>Income levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) cover?

    <p>Many health services, including appointments with family doctors and medical tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is excluded from coverage under the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP)?

    <p>International students and migrant workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges may vulnerable groups, such as the homeless, face in obtaining an OHIP card?

    <p>Lack of proper ID, transportation, and language barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Canadian context, who has primary jurisdiction in health care administration and delivery?

    <p>Provincial/territorial/municipal governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Primary Health Care (PHC) encompass beyond traditional health care?

    <p>A spectrum of services such as income, housing, education, and environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of toxic stress, especially in children?

    <p>Lifelong problems in learning, behavior, and physical and mental health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shapes the quality and distribution of health factors?

    <p>Social and political forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does individuals' understanding of health information play?

    <p>Enabling individuals to take control of their health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do welfare states provide through public policies and systems?

    <p>Economic and social security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of income levels on health outcomes?

    <p>Higher income leads to better health outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Canadian Health Act ensure?

    <p>Equitable access to health care services based on need, not ability to pay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principles is the Canadian Health Act based on?

    <p>Public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, accessibility, and portability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Medicare in Canada financed?

    <p>Through a progressive tax system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Universal Health Coverage in Canada aim to do?

    <p>Include essential, quality health services and protect citizens with lower incomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is involved in health care financing in Canada?

    <p>Citizens, the federal government, and provinces/territories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Lalonde Report emphasize?

    <p>The importance of preventing illness over treating illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Lalonde Report highlight as determinants of health?

    <p>Biological factors, lifestyle, environment, and health care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'jurisdiction' refer to in the context of health care?

    <p>The official power to make legal decisions and judgments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the provisions related to billing and user charges for insured health services?

    <p>No extra-billing by medical practitioners and no user charges for insured health services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is private funding for health care in Canada paid?

    <p>Out of pocket or through private insurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the federal government provide funding to provinces and territories for health care?

    <p>Through the Canada Health Transfer and Canada Social Transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the financing source for public funding of health care in Canada?

    <p>Tax revenue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Low-Income Cut-Off (LICO) in Canada?

    <p>An individual adjusted net income below $38,500 or a family net income below $68,500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does relative poverty in Canada refer to?

    <p>Having less than the average standard of living in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Tommy Douglas play in the Canadian healthcare system?

    <p>Introduced the continent’s first single-payer, universal health care program in Saskatchewan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of bigger income gaps in Canada?

    <p>Lead to greater deteriorations in health and exacerbate economic insecurity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the social gradient in Canada?

    <p>Those less advantaged in terms of socioeconomic position have worse health and shorter lives than those who are advantaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does autonomy in healthcare allow competent adults to do?

    <p>Make informed decisions about their medical care without influence from healthcare providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the social safety net in Canada designed to do?

    <p>Include benefit programs and supports that protect citizens during various life changes affecting their health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of power on income, income distribution, and health in Canada?

    <p>Wealth brings political power and influences social structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of health care delivery in Canada?

    <p>Integrated community-based models focusing on health promotion and prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of inequity in Canada on low-income households?

    <p>Leading to moderate to severe food insecurity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is absolute poverty in Canada?

    <p>Refers to circumstances in which people cannot afford to participate in society and benefit from activities and experiences that most people take for granted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Gini Coefficient used to measure?

    <p>Income inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do upstream approaches focus on in relation to health?

    <p>Collective strategies to address social determinants of health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Market Basket Measure (MBM) used to assess?

    <p>Low income based on specific standards and household size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poverty impact health according to the text?

    <p>Increases the risk for various diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Government of Canada's definition of poverty?

    <p>The condition of lacking resources, means, choices, and power to maintain a basic level of living standards and participate in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Low Income Measure (LIM) assess?

    <p>Low income based on specific standards and household size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the hardest hit populations by poverty according to the text?

    <p>Women, children, older adults, homeless individuals, and racialized groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does economic inequality impact health according to the text?

    <p>Significantly impacts health, lifespan, and societal wellbeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does poverty screening involve according to the text?

    <p>Identifying poverty as a risk factor, intervening, and connecting individuals to necessary resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact can unemployment and job insecurity have according to the text?

    <p>Lead to material and social deprivation, mental and physical health problems, and disruption of daily routines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is precarious work according to the text?

    <p>Including part-time, temporary, and self-employment, prevalent in Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does income influence health according to the text?

    <p>Through underinvestment in human and social capital, as well as psychosocially mediated effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Understanding Poverty and Its Impact on Health

    • Absolute poverty is defined as having an income below the absolute minimum level needed to afford basic necessities.
    • The Government of Canada defines poverty as the condition of lacking resources, means, choices, and power to maintain a basic level of living standards and participate in society.
    • Upstream approaches focus on collective strategies to address social determinants of health (SDoH), while downstream approaches target the immediate health needs of marginalized populations.
    • The Gini Coefficient is used to measure income inequality, ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality).
    • Economic inequality can significantly impact health, lifespan, and societal wellbeing, with a wide gap between rich and poor affecting trust and life expectancy.
    • Hardest hit populations by poverty include women, children, older adults, homeless individuals, and racialized groups.
    • Market Basket Measure (MBM) and Low Income Measure (LIM) are used to assess low income based on specific standards and household size.
    • Poverty increases the risk for various diseases, and childhood poverty can have lasting impacts on health throughout an individual's lifespan.
    • Income influences health through underinvestment in human and social capital, as well as psychosocially mediated effects.
    • Poverty screening involves identifying poverty as a risk factor, intervening, and connecting individuals to necessary resources.
    • Unemployment and job insecurity can lead to material and social deprivation, mental and physical health problems, and disruption of daily routines.
    • Precarious work, including part-time, temporary, and self-employment, is prevalent in Canada, particularly affecting women, youth, seniors, and workers without positions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the impact of poverty on health with this quiz. Explore topics such as absolute poverty, Gini Coefficient, social determinants of health, and the effects of economic inequality on marginalized populations. Learn about poverty screening, upstream and downstream approaches, and the lasting health impacts of childhood poverty.

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