Chapter 31: Sleep & Rest

Study Notes

Sleep is a cyclical state of altered consciousness with decreased motor activity and perception, but selective response to external stimuli
Rest is a state of mild to no activity, relaxation, stress-free, and leads to feeling refreshed

### Benefits of Sleep

### Important Terms

Circadian rhythm is an internal clock following a 24-hour day-night sleep/wake pattern that influences overall functioning
Reticular activating system is a network of neurons in the brainstem responsible for arousal and wakefulness
Stages of Sleep: NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) and REM (Rapid Eye Movement) - REM rebound refers to an increase in REM sleep after a period of sleep deprivation

### Sleep Disorders

Dyssomnias are sleep disorders like insomnia, circadian disorders, restless leg syndrome, sleep apnea, hypersomnia, and narcolepsy
Parasomnias are patterns of waking behavior during sleep, including sleepwalking, bruxism (teeth grinding), night terrors, and nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting)

### Nursing Diagnosis

Readiness for Enhanced Sleep: Nursing diagnosis addressing a patient's potential to improve sleep quality
Interventions for this diagnosis include:
- Clustering care activities for uninterrupted rest periods
- Creating a conducive sleep environment
- Establishing consistent bedtime rituals
- Maintaining safety measures during sleep
- Administering appropriate medications if necessary

### Sleep Quality

The greatest positive effect on sleep quality is sleeping in synchrony with the person's circadian rhythm. This promotes natural sleep-wake cycles.

### Disturbed Sleep Pattern

The expected outcome (goal) for a patient with Disturbed Sleep Pattern is that they will verbalize that they are sleeping better and feel less fatigued.
This outcome signifies improved sleep quality and reduced daytime sleepiness.

Sleep is cyclical, characterized by decreased motor activity and selective response to external stimuli.
Rest involves mild to no activity, relaxation, and stress-free state, leading to a refreshed feeling.

Circadian rhythm is an internal clock regulating the 24-hour day-night sleep/wake pattern, influencing overall functioning.
Reticular activating system is involved in regulating sleep-wake transitions.
Sleep stages include NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) and REM (Rapid Eye Movement)-rebound.

Dyssomnias are disorders affecting sleep quality and quantity, including:
- Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
- Circadian Rhythm Disorders: Misalignment between internal clock and environmental cues, impacting sleep patterns.
- Restless Leg Syndrome: Uncontrollable urge to move the legs, disrupting sleep.
- Sleep Apnea: Repeated interruptions of breathing during sleep.
- Hypersomnia: Excessive sleepiness during the day.
- Narcolepsy: Sudden and uncontrollable episodes of sleepiness.
Parasomnias are undesired behaviors during sleep, encompassing:
- Sleepwalking: Walking or performing other activities while asleep.
- Bruxism: Teeth grinding during sleep.
- Night Terrors: Episodes of screaming, fear, and confusion during sleep.
- Nocturnal Enuresis: Bedwetting.

Readiness for Enhanced Sleep
- Interventions include:
  - Clustering: Organizing activities to promote restful periods.
  - Environment: Creating a conducive sleep environment (quiet, dark, cool).
  - Bedtime Rituals: Establishing consistent routines before bedtime.
  - Maintaining Safety: Implementing safety measures to address potential risks during sleep.
  - Medications: Prescribing medications to address sleep disorders.