Skeletal System and Bone Physiology

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What is the function of osteoblasts in bone development?

Maintaining bone marrow function

Producing hormones regulating bone growth

Resorbing bone matrix

Forming osteoid and mineralizing it (correct)

What is the term for the process of bone formation from a cartilaginous template?

Mesenchymal condensation

Appositional growth

Intramembranous ossification

Endochondral ossification (correct)

Which type of bone is characterized by being thin and curved, such as the bones of the skull?

Flat bone (correct)

Sesamoid bone

Irregular bone

Long bone

What is the term for the shaft of a long bone?

Diaphysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the system that regulates the coupling of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in skeletal homeostasis?

RANK/RANK ligand system Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the growth phase in bone development where osteoid is formed and mineralized?

Appositional growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of trabecular bone tissue?

To facilitate calcium exchange Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the Pre-Hypertrophic zone of the growth plate?

Chondrocytes are arranged in columns Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of compact bone tissue?

To provide main weight-bearing support Signup and view all the answers

During endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes?

They differentiate into hypertrophic chondrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the secondary ossification centres?

Formation of the articular surfaces of the bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoblasts?

Bone formation and mineralization Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is likely to be the main mechano-sensitive cell?

Osteocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of osteoblasts finishing their bone formation process?

They become bone lining cells or osteocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of osteoclasts?

Responsible for bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of bone formation and resorption?

Bone remodeling Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein that osteoblasts synthesize to form the organic matrix of bone?

Osteoid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of osteoclasts in the body?

Responsible for bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

What triggers osteoclast formation according to McSheey and Chambers in 1988?

PTH acting indirectly through osteoblasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteoprotegerin (OPG)?

Inhibiting osteoclast formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of low serum calcium levels on osteoclast differentiation?

It increases osteoclast differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the receptor that RANKL binds to on osteoclast precursors?

RANK Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the integrin interaction that osteoclasts use to attach to the bone surface?

a5b3 integrin interaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of active transport of H+ in the sealed zone?

To break down the mineral component of bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Cl-/HCO3– exchanger in osteoclasts?

To maintain pH in the sealed zone Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of aberrant bone formation or resorption?

Skeletal pathology Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on bone remodelling?

Necrosis and reduced remodelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cathepsin K and other proteases in osteoclasts?

To digest collagen Signup and view all the answers

What is the depth of the resorption pit formed by osteoclasts?

4-5 mM deep Signup and view all the answers