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The first step in a signaling pathway that responds to a molecule that stays in the extracellular space is
What type of cell response would take the longest amount of time (on the scale of minutes to hours) to execute?
Which of the following is NOT an intracellular signaling protein activated by an RTK?
Steroid hormones trigger transcription of target genes by
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Which of the following types of cell signaling is long range and uses hormones as signals?
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The active form of a monomeric GTP-binding protein is the
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Which of the following describes negative feedback regulation?
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Enzymes that add a phosphate group to a switch protein are called
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How does the binding of a signal molecule activate an RTK for downstream signaling?
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Shown below is a diagram of how theoretical intracellular signaling pathways could integrate incoming signals to produce a coordinated cell response.
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Study Notes
Cell Signaling Pathways
- The first step in a signaling pathway that responds to a molecule that stays in the extracellular space is the binding of a signal molecule to a receptor on the surface of a target cell.
Intracellular Signaling Proteins
- One of the following is NOT an intracellular signaling protein activated by an RTK (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase): Ras, Raf, MEK, ERK, or PI3K.
Steroid Hormone Signaling
- Steroid hormones trigger transcription of target genes by binding to intracellular receptors, forming a complex that enters the nucleus and regulates gene expression.
G-Proteins
- The active form of a monomeric GTP-binding protein is the GTP-bound form.
Cell Signaling Regulation
- Negative feedback regulation occurs when the response to a signal decreases or terminates the original signal.
Enzymes in Cell Signaling
- Enzymes that add a phosphate group to a switch protein are called kinases.
RTK Activation
- The binding of a signal molecule to an RTK (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) activates it for downstream signaling by causing the receptor to dimerize and autophosphorylate.
Integrated Cell Response
- Intracellular signaling pathways integrate incoming signals to produce a coordinated cell response, involving the interaction of multiple signaling pathways and the regulation of gene expression.
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