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Questions and Answers

The first step in a signaling pathway that responds to a molecule that stays in the extracellular space is

  • binding of the signal molecule to a receptor. (correct)
  • diffusion through the plasma membrane into the cell.
  • activation of gene expression.
  • phosphorylation and activation of the receptor protein.
  • What type of cell response would take the longest amount of time (on the scale of minutes to hours) to execute?

  • one that involves the release of secretory vesicles
  • one that involves a change in gene expression (correct)
  • one that involves the firing of an action potential along a neuron
  • one that uses a phosphorylation event to activate an enzyme
  • Which of the following is NOT an intracellular signaling protein activated by an RTK?

  • Ras
  • monomeric GTPase
  • G-protein (correct)
  • PI-3-kinase
  • Steroid hormones trigger transcription of target genes by

    <p>binding to nuclear receptors that act as transcription factors for specific genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of cell signaling is long range and uses hormones as signals?

    <p>endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The active form of a monomeric GTP-binding protein is the

    <p>GTP-bound form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes negative feedback regulation?

    <p>A component late in the pathway inhibits an enzyme early in the pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes that add a phosphate group to a switch protein are called

    <p>kinases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the binding of a signal molecule activate an RTK for downstream signaling?

    <p>The RTK forms a dimer and cross-phosphorylates itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Shown below is a diagram of how theoretical intracellular signaling pathways could integrate incoming signals to produce a coordinated cell response.

    <p>signals A and D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Signaling Pathways

    • The first step in a signaling pathway that responds to a molecule that stays in the extracellular space is the binding of a signal molecule to a receptor on the surface of a target cell.

    Intracellular Signaling Proteins

    • One of the following is NOT an intracellular signaling protein activated by an RTK (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase): Ras, Raf, MEK, ERK, or PI3K.

    Steroid Hormone Signaling

    • Steroid hormones trigger transcription of target genes by binding to intracellular receptors, forming a complex that enters the nucleus and regulates gene expression.

    G-Proteins

    • The active form of a monomeric GTP-binding protein is the GTP-bound form.

    Cell Signaling Regulation

    • Negative feedback regulation occurs when the response to a signal decreases or terminates the original signal.

    Enzymes in Cell Signaling

    • Enzymes that add a phosphate group to a switch protein are called kinases.

    RTK Activation

    • The binding of a signal molecule to an RTK (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) activates it for downstream signaling by causing the receptor to dimerize and autophosphorylate.

    Integrated Cell Response

    • Intracellular signaling pathways integrate incoming signals to produce a coordinated cell response, involving the interaction of multiple signaling pathways and the regulation of gene expression.

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