Cell Communication and Signal Transduction

What is the primary function of receptors in cell communication?

To prevent ligand binding
To block signal transduction
To activate enzymes and relay the signal (correct)
To transmit the signal into the cell

What type of receptor becomes activated following ligand binding and dimerization?

G-protein coupled receptor
Enzyme linked receptors (correct)
Tyrosine kinase receptors
Ligand-gated ion channels

What is the purpose of signal amplification via second messengers?

To slow down the cellular response
To allow the cell to respond rapidly (correct)
To reduce the signal strength
To block the signal transmission

What happens to the receptor after receiving a signal?

It undergoes a conformational change (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzyme activity in enzyme-linked receptors?

To phosphorylate and activate the other receptor molecule in the dimer (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do cells have many different types of receptor molecules?

Because they don't know what signals they may encounter (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of signal transduction?

A cellular response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptor is also an enzyme?

Enzyme linked receptors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of switches/relay molecules in signal transduction?

To transmit the signal into the cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of receptor activation?

To activate enzymes and relay the signal (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phosphatases in the context of protein phosphorylation?

To remove phosphate groups from target proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of kinases in the signal transduction process?

To attach phosphate groups to target proteins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of phosphorylation of a target protein?

The protein undergoes a conformational change (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of signal amplification via second messengers?

To allow the cell to respond rapidly to a weak signal (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of ligand binding to an enzyme-linked receptor?

The receptor undergoes dimerisation and phosphorylation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of G-protein coupled receptors in the signal transduction process?

To activate a set of intracellular switches (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of phosphorylation on protein structure?

It adds a negative charge to the protein (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of having multiple types of receptor molecules in a cell?

To allow the cell to respond to different signals (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of activation of a receptor protein?

The receptor undergoes a conformational change (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of molecular recognition in the signal transduction process?

To recognize the ligand by the receptor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of kinases in signal transduction?

To attach phosphate groups to target proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of phosphorylation on protein structure?

It adds negative charges to the protein, leading to a conformational change (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an olfactory receptor binds to an odorant molecule?

The odorant molecule triggers a pattern of receptor activation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of signal amplification via second messengers?

To amplify a weak signal so that the cell can respond rapidly (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct consequence of activation of a specific receptor protein by a specific signalling molecule?

Conformational change in the receptor (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptor is also an enzyme?

Enzyme linked receptor (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is characterized by a conformational change resulting in the activation of enzymes that relay the signal into the cell?

Enzyme-linked receptors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of molecular recognition in signal transduction?

To recognize ligands by receptors and targets by kinases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a kinase attaches a phosphate group to a target protein?

The target protein undergoes a conformational change (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of having multiple types of receptor molecules that are specific to different signalling molecules?

Because cells do not know what signals they may encounter (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which a weak signal can be amplified so that the cell can respond rapidly?

Signal amplification via second messengers (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of having multiple types of receptor molecules in a cell?

To respond to a wide range of signals (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of activating an enzyme linked receptor?

The receptor changes shape and activates an enzyme (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is also an enzyme and becomes activated following ligand binding and dimerization?

Enzyme-linked receptors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phosphatases in signal transduction?

To remove phosphate groups from target proteins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the series of switches/relay molecules in the process of signal transduction?

To transmit the signal into the cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate result of signal transduction?

Cellular response (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ligand binding in the activation of enzyme-linked receptors?

To induce a conformational change in the receptor (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of dimerization in the activation of enzyme-linked receptors?

It enables the enzyme activity on one receptor molecule to phosphorylate and activate the other receptor molecule (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of receptor that is characterized by activation of a specific receptor protein by a specific signalling molecule?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Cell Communication and Signal Transduction

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of receptors in cell communication?

What type of receptor becomes activated following ligand binding and dimerization?

What is the purpose of signal amplification via second messengers?

What happens to the receptor after receiving a signal?

What is the role of enzyme activity in enzyme-linked receptors?

Why do cells have many different types of receptor molecules?

What is the result of signal transduction?

What type of receptor is also an enzyme?

What is the role of switches/relay molecules in signal transduction?

What is the purpose of receptor activation?

What is the primary function of phosphatases in the context of protein phosphorylation?

What is the role of kinases in the signal transduction process?

What is the consequence of phosphorylation of a target protein?

What is the purpose of signal amplification via second messengers?

What is the result of ligand binding to an enzyme-linked receptor?

What is the role of G-protein coupled receptors in the signal transduction process?

What is the effect of phosphorylation on protein structure?

What is the purpose of having multiple types of receptor molecules in a cell?

What is the result of activation of a receptor protein?

What is the role of molecular recognition in the signal transduction process?

What is the primary function of kinases in signal transduction?

What is the effect of phosphorylation on protein structure?

What happens when an olfactory receptor binds to an odorant molecule?

What is the purpose of signal amplification via second messengers?

What is the direct consequence of activation of a specific receptor protein by a specific signalling molecule?

What type of receptor is also an enzyme?

Which type of receptor is characterized by a conformational change resulting in the activation of enzymes that relay the signal into the cell?

What is the role of molecular recognition in signal transduction?

What happens when a kinase attaches a phosphate group to a target protein?

What is the purpose of having multiple types of receptor molecules that are specific to different signalling molecules?

What is the mechanism by which a weak signal can be amplified so that the cell can respond rapidly?

What is the purpose of having multiple types of receptor molecules in a cell?

What is the result of activating an enzyme linked receptor?

Which type of receptor is also an enzyme and becomes activated following ligand binding and dimerization?

What is the role of phosphatases in signal transduction?

What is the role of the series of switches/relay molecules in the process of signal transduction?

What is the ultimate result of signal transduction?

What is the role of ligand binding in the activation of enzyme-linked receptors?

What is the significance of dimerization in the activation of enzyme-linked receptors?

What is the type of receptor that is characterized by activation of a specific receptor protein by a specific signalling molecule?

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