Shoulder Kinematics and Scapular Movement
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Questions and Answers

What occurs during external rotation of the glenohumeral joint?

  • The head glides anterior and rolls posterior
  • The head rolls anterior and glides posterior
  • The head rolls posterior and glides anterior (correct)
  • The head remains still

    • Which muscles act as dynamic stabilizers of the acromioclavicular joint?

  • Latissimus dorsi and teres major
  • Teres minor and infraspinatus
  • Subclavius and pectoralis major
  • Deltoid and upper trapezius (correct)

    • What is the net result of simultaneous glide and roll in the glenohumeral joint?

  • No effect on movement
  • Increased friction
  • Reduced range of motion
  • Increased range of motion (correct)

    • Which muscle is a proximal stabilizer during the first stage of global flexion?

    <p>Coracobrachialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during upward rotation of the scapula?

    <p>The scapula follows the path of the clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total range of motion in shoulder abduction?

    <p>180 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments?

    <p>To stabilize the acromioclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during protraction of the scapula?

    <p>The scapula follows the path of the clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the subclavius muscle?

    <p>To stabilize the sternoclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during downward rotation of the scapula?

    <p>The scapula follows the path of the clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motor muscle involved in the first stage of glenohumeral joint movement (0-90 degrees)?

    <p>Deltoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in scapulothoracic joint movement?

    <p>Biceps brachii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of degrees for the second stage of glenohumeral joint movement?

    <p>90-150 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for upward rotation of the scapula during the second stage of glenohumeral joint movement?

    <p>Upper trapezius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of degrees for global abduction?

    <p>45-55 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is involved in both glenohumeral joint flexion and scapulothoracic joint flexion?

    <p>Serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motor muscle involved in shoulder external rotation?

    <p>Infraspinatus and teres minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in shoulder internal rotation?

    <p>Rhomboids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of degrees for the third stage of glenohumeral joint movement?

    <p>150-180 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is involved in shoulder flexion?

    <p>Deltoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for upward rotation of the scapula?

    <p>Serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Rotator Cuff muscles?

    <p>To regulate dynamic joint stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is an agonist for extending the shoulder?

    <p>Latissimus dorsi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are responsible for scapular depression?

    <p>Pectoralis minor and subclavius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the rhomboids in scapular movement?

    <p>Retraction and downward rotation of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is a synergist for internal rotation of the shoulder?

    <p>Supraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the shoulder?

    <p>Anterior deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the middle trapezius in scapular movement?

    <p>Retraction of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is an external rotator of the shoulder?

    <p>Infraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is a stabilizer of the scapula during GH extension?

    <p>Rhomboids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the Glenohumeral Joint?

    <p>Ball and socket joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Rotator Cuff?

    <p>Stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement is limited by the conoid and trapezoid ligaments?

    <p>Sliding movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the space that allows for scapulothoracic joint movement?

    <p>Thoracoserratic space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the supraspinatus muscle is not activated during abduction?

    <p>Subacromial impingement occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the Scapulothoracic joint considered?

    <p>Anatomical false joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary movement of the Glenohumeral joint during flexion?

    <p>Anterior translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the Supraspinatus action during abduction?

    <p>To stabilize the Glenohumeral joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement allowed by the Scapulothoracic joint?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of abduction in the scapular plane?

    <p>No structural compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Internal and External Rotation

    • ER: The head rolls posterior and glides anterior
    • IR in the opposite way
    • Simultaneous glide and roll allows head to roll over a smaller surface

    AC and SCC Kinematics

    • Only passive movements
    • All scapular movement = clavicular movement
    • Allow for wider ROM added to glenohumeral motion
    • Example: shoulder abduction (total of 180 degrees)
      • -60 degrees lateral of the scapula: 20 degrees Acromioclavicular + 40 degrees Sternoclavicular

    AC Joint Stabilizers

    • Static:
      • Joint capsule: reinforced by capsular ligaments
      • Ligaments: Conoid and Trapezoid ligaments
      • Articular disc
    • Dynamic:
      • Deltoid and upper trapezius muscles

    SCC Joint Stabilizers

    • Static:
      • Fibrous capsule
      • Ligaments: anterior and posterior sternoclavicular, costoclavicular on each side
      • Articular disc
    • Dynamic:
      • Subclavius muscle

    Scapulothoracic Joint

    • Larger shoulder amplitude thanks to ST
    • AC and SCC movement all for ST
    • Elevation and depression
      • SCC and AC
      • Scapula follows path of clavicle
    • Protraction and retraction
      • Horizontal plane rotations of SCC and AC
      • Scapula follows clavicle path

    Upward and Downward Rotation

    • Upward rotation
      • Arm raise
      • Sum of SCC elevation and AC upward rotation
    • Downward rotation
      • Arms come back
      • Sum of SCC depression and downward rotation AC

    KINETICS

    Muscular Actions

    • Proximal stabilizers
    • Distal mobilizers

    Global Flexion

    • First Stage. 0-30/60.GH
      • Motor muscles: anterior deltoids, Coracobrachialis, Clavicular Pectoralis major
      • Movement limits: Coracohumeral ligament strain
    • Second Stage. 30/60-120.STj
      • Upward rotation of the scapula
      • Muscles of the Scapulothoracic Joint
        • Elevators: Upper Trapezius, Levator scapulae, Rhomboids
        • Depressors: Lower Trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, Pectoralis Minor, Subclavius
        • Protractors: Serratus Major
        • Retractors: Middle Trapezius, Rhomboids and lower trapezius

    Scapulothoracic Joint Muscles

    • Upward rotation of the scapula: Serratus anterior, Upper Trapezius
    • Retraction and downward rotation: Rhomboids Stabilizers scapula in ADD and GH extension

    Muscles that move in ADD and EXTEND the shoulder

    • Major isometric moment of the shoulder
      • Agonists: Latissimus and Pectoralis major
      • Synergistic: Infraspiantus, teres minor and major

    Rotator Cuff muscles

    • FUNCTIONS:
      1. Dynamic joint stability regulators
      2. Arthrokinematics controllers

    Muscles that internally and externally rotate the shoulder

    • Internal rotators: Subscapularis, anterior deltoid, Pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi, and teres major
    • External rotators: Infraspiantus, teres minor, and the posterior portion of the posterior deltoid

    Global Abduction

    • First Stage. 0-90 degrees
      • Motor muscles: Deltoids, especially the middle fasciculus and Supraspinatus
    • Second Stage. 90-150
      • Upward rotation of the scapula orienting glenoids
      • Motor muscles: Serratus and Upper trapezius
    • Third Stage. 150-180
      • Contralateral tilt of the spine due to contraction of the spinal muscles of the opposite side

    Global Adduction

    • 30-45
      • When arm is in ABD —> the ADD is made by eccentric contraction of ABD muscles
      • Motor muscles:
        • GHj flex: Pectoralis Major and Anterior deltoid
        • GHj extension: Teres major and minor, Latissimus dorsi
        • STj flex: Serratus anterior
        • STj extension: Rhomboids

    External Rotation

    • 60-70
      • Motor muscles: Infraspinatus and teres minor
      • The movement of scapular adduction is added by the action of the rhomboids and the middle portion of the Trapezius

    Internal Rotation

    • 75-85
      • Motor muscles: Teres major, Latissimus dorsi, Subscapularis, Pectoralis Major
      • The protraciton movement of the scapula is added by Serratus Major and Pectoralis Minor action

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    Shoulder Kinesiology PDF

    Description

    Understanding internal and external rotation, simultaneous glide and roll, and kinematics of AC and SCC joints for wider range of motion in shoulder abduction.

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