Sheep Industry Stratification in the UK
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Stratification of UK sheep industry: Match the correct phase from top to bottom

1(top) = Hill 2 = Upland 3 = Lowland 4(bottom) = Finished lambs for slaughter

Which one is not a destiny of HILL ewes?

  • Ewe lambs for breeding
  • Crossed with longwool
  • crossed with down rams (correct)
  • Stored lambs on low land or directly to slaughter

    • Hill (draft) ewes and longwool ram cross produces?

    Half-bred ewes

    What are store lambs?

    <p>Sheep that are not going to finish this season</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hill ewes are _______.

    <p>pure bred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a upland breed

    <p>Down Ewes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not cross with Down rams?

    <p>Draft ewes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name an advantage of the stratification system

    <ul> <li>Exploits breeds to best ability on land types</li> <li>Slaughter lamb carcass can be tailored to meet the market requirement</li> <li>Hill ewes productive life extended</li> <li>Heterosis</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a disadvantage of the stratification system

    <p>increased disease risk as there's more movement between flock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of hill breeds?

    <p>Maximal input required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a hill breed

    <p>Rough fell welsh mountain scottish blackface swaledale lleyn clun forest kerry hill exmoor horn south country cheviot north country cheviot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of upland breeds

    <p>Good milk production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a longwool breed

    <p>Teeswater Wensleydale boder leicester blue-faced leicester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an INCORRECT description of HALFBREDS

    <p>stays in lowlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hill(sire) x longwool(dam) pairs with the corresponding halfbred.

    <p>Blue-faced leicester x scottish black face = Scottish mule Swaledale x Wensleydale/teeswater = Masham Cheviot x border leicester = scottish halfbred Welsh mountain x border leicester = welsh halfbred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Characteristics of halfbred is an example of?

    <p>Heterosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lowland/down breeds?

    <p>Large size(~60kg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are lowland breeds less hardy?

    <p>because they have food available all the time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sheep industry in the UK geared towards?

    <p>production of sheep meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target slaughter weight

    <p>45kg liveweight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the carcase valuation used in the sheep industry? (System; target carcase weight, target conformation and fat class in supermarkets, local butchers and exports)

    <p>Conformation(EUROP) on the y axis; Fat class (1,2,3L,3H,4L,4H,5) on the x axis; Supermarket: 16-21kg; EUR; 2, 3L,maybe 3H Local butchers: 16-25kg, EURO; 2, 3L, 3H Exports: 9-21kg; EUR; 2, 3L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the best grade carcase should fall in?

    <p>E2-R3L rectangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When will lamb price p/kg peak throughout the year.

    <p>Easter, Ramadam and Eid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the events with the corresponding month

    <p>Scanning = February Lambing = mid april to mid may weaning and shearing = july tupping = mid november to mid december</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is worm egg count in lambs and ewes

    <p>july to october</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the events with the corresponding number of days

    <p>Oestrous cycle = 17 days Gestation length = 147 days weaning = 100 days(12-16 weeks) scanning = 45 days after ram removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tups/rams are left in for how long?

    <p>2 oestrus cycles/ 34-51 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the number of months between birth to slaughter with the corresponding lambs

    <p>Pet lambs = neverrrrr fat lambs = 4 months short-keep store lambs = 9 months long-keep store lambs = 12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheep are a) short/long day breeders. They are Seasonally b)______.

    <p>a) short b)polyoestrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How to induce oetrous in sheep?

    <p>increasing darkness increases melatonin production thus more GnRH is released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the BCS with their corresponding description

    <p>1 = Prominent vertical and horizontal processing; no fat covering; fingers easily pushed under transverse process 2 = Prominent vertical process; smooth and rounded horizontal process; little fat covering; fingers can still press under transverse process 3 = Smooth and rounded vertical and horizontal process; bones and ends only felt with pressure; moderate fat covering 4 = vertical process detected as a line; horizontal ends cannot be detected; thick covering of fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the description for BSC 5?

    <p>vertical and transverse process cannot be detected even with pressure; covered with very thick fat; dimple in fat layers where processes are present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is flushing and when does it occur and what is the aim of flushing?

    <p>Flushing is increasing plane of nutrition in ewes by giving concentrates or nourished fields, 3 weeks prior to tupping. Flushing allows ewes to reach target BCS (hill: 2.5; upland:3; lowland:3.5) for tupping which increases ovulation rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target BCS of rams at tupping?

    <p>3.5-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do energy requirements of ewes increase massively?

    <p>Last 6 weeks of gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the energy requirements of early/mid pregnancy ewes? What happens if overfed?

    <p>not much more than maintenance; small lambs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target BCS of ewes a month before lambing?

    <p>3-3.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does energy requirements of ewes increase significantly in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy?

    <p>70% of lamb growth occurs at this stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    survival rate of twin lambs increases with higher ewe BCS

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a common consequence of low BCS(less than 2.5) in ewes at lambing?

    <p>Vaginal prolapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lambs rely on milk as their only energy source for the first ____ weeks of life?

    <p>4-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the target weight gain of lambs per day a)pre-weaning and b) post-weaning?

    <p>a) 300kg/day b) 200kg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target weight at weaning? What is a sign that it is weaned at the correct time?

    <p>20kg; BCS should drop slightly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactation would lower BCS of ewes, hence it is common to wean early if the BCS of the ewe is low.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is are the 2 possible consequences of under nutrition during pregnancy in lambs

    <p>low birthweight; low brown fat levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of indoor lambing?

    <p>Closer supervision possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indoor lambing reduces the risk of losing lambs to hypothermia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following common causes of neonatal mortalilty cannot be prevented with pre-lambing vaccination

    <p>Dystocia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a common cause of neonatal mortality in sheep?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____ml/kg of colostrum should be given to lambs with in first 4-6 hours of life

    <p>50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the first 24 hours, _____ml/kg of colostrum should be fed to lambs

    <p>200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tail docking should leave enough tail to cover _____

    <p>cover vulva/anus of lamb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tail docking and castration with a rubber ring should not be carried out to lambs older than ______.

    <p>7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Castration cannot be performed until _______ has been established

    <p>ewe/lamb bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only vet surgeons can castrate lambs that have reached _____ of age

    <p>3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is tail docking performed in the sheep industry?

    <p>To reduce parasite infestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is castration performed in lambs?

    <p>To prevent wanted pregnancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All sheep must have an ____

    <p>EID/ electronic id</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the timing that an official identifier have to be applied

    <p>by 6 months = housed overnight by 9 months = not housed overnight by 12 months = single ear tags is permissible above 12 months = ear tag and individual identifier(EID bolus/pastern band/tattoo) are required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lambs should be weighted at birth, 8 weeks, weaning and sale.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following description of shearing is inaccurate?

    <p>Occurs in June</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do farmers decide which ewes to cull

    <p>Ewes are put on restricted grazing for a week to aid cessation of lactation then put on unrestricted grazing for 6-8 weeks to gain BCS. For the ones that don't put on condition, they will be investigated or culled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long are quarantine periods for newly bought ewes?

    <p>28 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done during quarantine(treatments)?

    <p>treatments for endo and ectoparasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rams for tupping should be?

    <p>Toes:not lame Teeth: no abscesses Testicles: good testicular tone = firm with no lumps or bumps; 2 even testes; scrotal circumference 30-36cm tone: BCS 3.5-4 treat: vaccinations, shearing, dewormers up to date</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Indoor Lambing

    • Protects sheep and shepherd from bad weather
    • Reduces risk of lambs dying from hypothermia
    • Allows for closer supervision of lambing
    • Enables early lambing to take place
    • Helps preserve pasture growth and recovery
    • Requires higher labour input
    • Increases risk of infectious diseases
    • Requires provision of feed, bedding, and water

    Outdoor Lambing

    • Requires less labour input
    • Has lower capital expenditure and fixed costs
    • Reduces risk of infectious diseases
    • Is limited to lambing flocks that can start later
    • Requires sufficient pasture to be available
    • Increases risk of lambs dying from hypothermia and starvation
    • Increases losses due to dystocia

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    Test your knowledge of the stratification of the UK sheep industry, from top to bottom. Match the correct phase to its corresponding level.

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