Lamb Production and Consumer Insights
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Questions and Answers

Which two provinces are the most important ovine producers in Canada?

  • Alberta and Manitoba
  • Quebec and Ontario (correct)
  • Ontario and Saskatchewan
  • British Columbia and Alberta

What is the primary diet component of sheep?

  • Root vegetables
  • Forages such as grasses, alfalfa, and clover (correct)
  • Barley and oats
  • Processed grains

How much hay or grass does a mature sheep eat daily?

  • 3 kg (correct)
  • 1 kg
  • 4 kg
  • 2 kg

Which breed is recognized for its high fertility and good milking characteristics?

<p>Rideau Arcott (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lamb production method aims for 3 lambings every 2 years?

<p>Intensive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shelf life of vacuum-sealed lamb?

<p>4 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the halal market significant for lamb production in Canada?

<p>It has increased per capita consumption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of inspection allows lamb to be sold internationally?

<p>Federal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'fallowed' refer to in the context of sea lice management?

<p>Keeping sites empty to reduce parasite populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should seafood be sourced to ensure it is responsible?

<p>By ensuring it comes from approved and non-polluted waters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which types of fish are most commonly sold in North American markets?

<p>Flat fish, round fish, and shellfish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Atlantic shellfish is particularly known for being shipped live?

<p>Lobsters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates flat fish from round fish?

<p>Flat fish have four fillets and live on the ocean floor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Pacific clam holds the title of the largest?

<p>Geoduck (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of a scallop is considered edible?

<p>The adductor muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a count of 30/40 indicate when referring to shrimp?

<p>The number of shrimp in a pound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates wild fish from farmed fish?

<p>Wild fish are harvested solely from natural environments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly defines catadromous fish?

<p>Fish that migrate from freshwater to saltwater to spawn. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is unique to flat fish?

<p>Asymmetrical body shape. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a crustacean?

<p>An invertebrate with a hard shell and jointed appendages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of sustainable fisheries practices?

<p>To maintain fish populations for long-term harvesting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant drawback associated with gill netting?

<p>It can unintentionally ensnare non-target species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fishing method is recognized as the most environmentally friendly?

<p>Trolling, known for minimal bycatch. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is aquaponics commonly used for?

<p>Integrating fish farming with plant growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the practice of growing multiple aquatic species together for mutual benefits called?

<p>Polyculture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main criticisms of farmed Atlantic salmon?

<p>They can spread sea lice to wild salmon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental issue is particularly concerning for shrimp farms in Asia?

<p>Farming in polluted waters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is primarily monitored during seafood inspections in Canada?

<p>Transportation, processing, and storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HACCP stand for in seafood safety regulation?

<p>Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fish species is graded by weight in Canada?

<p>Whitefish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Grade A classification for Pacific Salmon mean?

<p>The salmon is free from entrails, damage, and sexual maturity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary ingredient is used in salmon feed?

<p>Forage fish and fish oil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What classification refers to sheep under one year of age?

<p>Lamb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which grading system is used to assess lamb conformation in Europe?

<p>EUROP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates excessive fat covering in lamb grading?

<ul> <li>(C)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of the spool joint confirms the carcass is lamb?

<p>Moist and slightly red surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of grading in lamb production?

<p>To categorize carcasses by quality, yield, and value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lamb category refers to the oldest age classification?

<p>Mutton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is lamb typically not aged?

<p>High moisture content and minimal connective tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'semi-boneless' in lamb cuts?

<p>Bone-in with partial removal of joints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of the hind quarter for retail?

<p>Premium cuts like sirloin and leg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is preferred for processing carcasses to extend shelf life?

<p>Vacuum-sealing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the lamb includes the kidneys?

<p>Trim (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of calves are predominantly used for veal production?

<p>Male dairy calves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum age by which veal calves must be transitioned to group housing?

<p>8 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for individual housing of veal calves?

<p>Calves must be tethered for easy management. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consumer concern regarding veal?

<p>Farming practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a post-mortem inspection of veal, what is primarily checked?

<p>Internal organs are inspected for abnormalities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which grade of veal is known for having the brightest pink color?

<p>Canada A1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common kitchen use for osso buco derived from veal?

<p>Braised dish (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which primal cut of veal contains the sirloin and knuckle as sub-primals?

<p>Leg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors primarily affects veal meat quality?

<p>Calves’ diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one drawback of Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) for veal?

<p>It is very expensive, making it less affordable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of veal maturity?

<p>Soft reddish bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cut is associated with the veal fore shank?

<p>Osso Buco (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Top Ovini Producers in Canada

Quebec and Ontario are the leading provinces for sheep production in Canada.

Block Ready Lamb Benefit

Block ready lamb allows retailers to order only the products they need, reducing waste and ensuring fresh supplies.

Sheep Daily Forage

A mature sheep consumes approximately 3 kilograms of hay or grass daily.

Primary Sheep Diet

The main component of a sheep's diet is forages like grasses, alfalfa, and clover.

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Rideau Arcott Breed

The Rideau Arcott breed is renowned for its high fertility and impressive milk production.

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Intensive Lamb Production

Intensive lamb production involves raising sheep in a controlled environment, resulting in three lambings every two years.

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Halal Market Significance

The halal market has significantly increased per capita lamb consumption in Canada.

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Protecting Sheep in Extensive Farming

Sheep in extensive farming are often protected using guard animals, electric fences, and other methods to deter predators.

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What age classification refers to a sheep under one year old?

A lamb is a sheep that is less than one year old. This classification encompasses all sheep within their first year of life.

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What grading system is used for lamb conformation in Europe?

The EUROP grading system is used to assess lamb conformation in Europe. This system evaluates various factors like fat cover and carcass weight.

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What indicates excessive fat covering in lamb grading?

A '+' sign in lamb grading denotes excessive fat covering. This indicates a higher fat content in the carcass.

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What feature of the spool joint confirms a carcass is lamb?

A moist and slightly red surface on the spool joint indicates that the carcass is from a lamb. This characteristic distinguishes lamb from older sheep.

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What is the role of grading in lamb production?

Grading in lamb production categorizes carcasses by quality, yield, and value. It helps producers, retailers, and consumers understand the different grades of lamb.

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What is the oldest age classification for a sheep?

Mutton refers to the oldest age classification for a sheep, typically over two years old. This classification is characterized by a stronger flavor and a less tender texture.

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What is a common drawback of imported lamb?

A common drawback of imported lamb is a gamey flavor. This stronger flavor develops as the sheep ages and is common in lamb imported from other regions.

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Why is lamb typically not aged?

Lamb is typically not aged because it has high moisture content and minimal connective tissue. Aging would lead to a dry and tough texture.

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Polyculture

A farming method where multiple aquatic species are grown together to benefit each other.

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Criticism of Farmed Atlantic Salmon

Farmed Atlantic salmon are criticized for potentially spreading sea lice to wild salmon populations.

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Concern with Shrimp Farms in Asia

A major concern is that shrimp farms in Asia are often located in polluted waters.

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Seafood Inspections in Canada

Seafood inspections in Canada focus on monitoring transportation, processing, and storage of seafood.

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HACCP

HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points. It's a system to identify and control food safety hazards.

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Grading Whitefish in Canada

Whitefish in Canada is graded by weight.

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Grade A Pacific Salmon

A Grade A Pacific salmon is free from entrails, damage, and sexual maturity.

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Main Salmon Feed Ingredient

The primary ingredient in salmon feed is forage fish and fish oil.

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What is a catadromous fish?

A catadromous fish is a type of fish that migrates from freshwater environments to saltwater environments to spawn (reproduce).

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What are the characteristics of flatfish?

Flatfish are fish that have a flattened body, swim horizontally, and have both eyes on the same side of their head, typically the top side.

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What is a crustacean?

Crustaceans are aquatic invertebrates, characterized by a hard exoskeleton (outside shell) and jointed appendages (legs).

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What is the purpose of fisheries' sustainability practices?

Fisheries' sustainability practices aim to manage fish populations for continuous harvests, ensuring that there will be fish available for future generations.

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What is the drawback of gill netting?

Gill netting can entangle and harm non-target species like dolphins, sea turtles, and sharks, leading to unintended consequences.

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What is the most sustainable fishing method?

Trolling is considered the most sustainable fishing method because it targets specific fish species and minimizes bycatch (unwanted catches).

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What is aquaponics?

Aquaponics is a sustainable system that combines fish farming with growing plants in water without soil.

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How are mussels typically farmed in Canada?

Mussels are farmed in Canada by suspending them in mesh sleeves called socks, which are anchored to the seabed.

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Fallowing in Sea Lice Management

The practice of keeping fish farms empty to reduce the population of parasitic sea lice.

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Responsible Seafood Sourcing

Ensuring seafood comes from approved and non-polluted waters, minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainable fishing practices.

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Common Fish Types in North American Markets

Flat fish, round fish, and shellfish are the primary types of fish sold in North American markets.

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Live Atlantic Shellfish

Lobsters are notable for being shipped live to maintain their freshness and quality.

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Distinguishing Flat Fish from Round Fish

Flat fish have four fillets and live on the ocean floor, while round fish have eyes on the same side and swim in the water column.

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Largest Pacific Clam

The Geoduck is the largest Pacific clam, known for its elongated siphon and its prized flavor.

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Edible Part of a Scallop

The only edible part of a scallop is the adductor muscle, which is responsible for closing its shell.

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Fresh Shrimp Indicator

A tightly fitted shell indicates a fresh shrimp, as the shell shrinks as the shrimp ages.

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Veal Production Calves

Male dairy calves are typically used for veal production because they don't produce milk and are not used for beef.

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Veal Housing Transition

Veal calves in newly built or renovated housing must be transitioned to group housing by 8 weeks of age.

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Veal Housing Requirements

Veal calves must be able to stand fully upright, lie down, and turn around unassisted in their enclosures. They must also have social contact with other calves.

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Veal Consumer Concerns

The primary concern of consumers regarding veal is the farming practices used to raise the calves.

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Veal Post-Mortem Inspection

During a post-mortem inspection, veal carcasses are checked for internal organ abnormalities.

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Veal Grading

Veal is graded based on factors such as fat, conformation, and color of lean. Marbling is NOT assessed during grading.

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Veal Leg Primal

The veal leg primal cut includes sub-primal cuts such as the sirloin and knuckle.

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Veal Osso Buco

Osso Buco is a kitchen cut derived from the front primal of veal.

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Veal Farming Practices

Consumers primarily express concerns about the farming practices used to raise veal.

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Veal Inspection Purpose

Post-mortem inspection aims to ensure the veal carcass is free from abnormalities in internal organs, preventing unfit meat from reaching consumers.

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Veal Grading Focus

Veal grading focuses mainly on the color of the lean meat, which indicates quality and tenderness.

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Veal Shelf-Life

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is commonly used to extend the shelf-life of retail-ready veal cuts.

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Veal Carcass Ordering

One disadvantage of ordering veal in carcass form is that the different cuts may sell at different rates, leading to potential waste.

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Veal Vacuum Sealing

Vacuum sealing veal cuts is recommended to minimize shrink and drying losses, helping maintain freshness longer.

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Veal Grading Outside Quebec

Outside Quebec, veal grading emphasizes the diet type of the animal.

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Study Notes

Day 1: Raising Lamb

  • Quebec and Ontario are Canada's most important lamb producers
  • "Block ready" lamb benefits retailers by being available only when in demand
  • A mature sheep eats approximately 3 kg of hay or grass daily
  • Sheep primarily consume forages, including grasses, alfalfa, and clover.
  • The Rideau Arcott breed is known for high fertility and milking traits
  • Intensive lamb production methods result in 3 lambings every 2 years
  • Australia and New Zealand are major sheep meat exporters; Canada is not among the top exporters.

Day 2: Consumer Concerns, Grading, and Inspection

  • Domestic lamb in Canada is expensive due to high production costs and small supply/extensive methods
  • Consumers may mistake mutton for lamb, primarily due to mutton's gamey flavor.
  • Halal market is significant due to increased per capita consumption, promoting lamb exports.
  • Extensive farming practices for sheep rely on guard animals and electric fencing for protection
  • Vacuum-sealed lamb has a shelf life of 4 weeks
  • Proper inspection levels ensure lamb meets export standards.

Day 3: Lamb Cuts

  • Lamb is typically not aged due to its high moisture content and minimal connective tissue
  • The fell of lamb cuts serves to retain moisture and prevent bacterial growth.
  • The rib section is the anterior portion of the lamb loin.
  • Lamb is separated into front and hind quarters by a cut between the 11th and 12th ribs.
  • Crown roast is a popular lamb cut used for stuffing and tying techniques.
  • Leg cuts include the sirloin
  • "Semi-boneless" lamb refers to bone removal from certain joints but not all
  • Lamb grading focuses on quality, yield, and value criteria when evaluating carcasses.

Exam on Veal Production, Consumer Concerns, and Cuts

  • Veal production primarily uses male dairy calves.
  • Veal calves transitioning to group housing must do so by 8 weeks in newly built or renovated housing.
  • Veal production must adhere to protocols to prevent anaemia in calves.
  • Minimum weaning age for veal calves is 4-weeks-old.
  • Veal calves are usually raised to a market weight of 295-318kg.
  • The most commonly used housing method for young veal calves before the weaning stage is hutches.
  • Alberta and Manitoba are leading veal-producing provinces in Canada.

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Related Documents

Past Exam Paper on Lamb Production - PDF

Description

Explore the essential aspects of lamb production in Canada, focusing on the key regions of Quebec and Ontario. This quiz highlights the differences between lamb and mutton, the significance of various sheep breeds, and consumer trends affecting demand and pricing.

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