Services Publics et Police Administrative
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Questions and Answers

Quelles sont les obligations de l'autorité responsable concernant la continuité des services publics?

L'autorité responsable est obligée de faire fonctionner le service, quels que soient les obstacles rencontrés.

Comment la notion d'égalité se manifeste-t-elle dans les services publics?

Tous les membres de la collectivité doivent avoir un accès égal aux emplois, prestations et charges publiques.

Pourquoi est-il nécessaire d'adapter l'organisation des services publics aux exigences de l'intérêt général?

L'organisation et le fonctionnement du service public doivent évoluer pour répondre aux besoins changeants de la collectivité.

Quelles sont les deux grandes catégories de services publics et sur quelle base sont-elles classées?

<p>Les deux grandes catégories sont les services publics administratifs (SPA) et les services publics industriels et commerciaux (SPIC), classés selon la nature de l'activité et le régime juridique applicable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quels éléments peuvent varier dans l'organisation d'un service public pour répondre aux exigences de l'intérêt général?

<p>Les modalités de fonctionnement, le personnel et les besoins des usagers peuvent varier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quels sont les objectifs principaux de la police administrative générale?

<p>Les objectifs principaux sont la prévention des troubles, la protection de la sécurité, le maintien de la tranquillité et la lutte contre les maladies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Comment la police générale se distingue-t-elle de la police spéciale?

<p>La police générale s'applique à l'ensemble des citoyens avec des exigences pour l'ordre public, tandis que la police spéciale cible des activités ou individus spécifiques avec des prescriptions particulières.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Citez trois domaines couvert par la police administrative générale.

<p>Les domaines comprennent la sécurité publique, la salubrité et la moralité publique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel pouvoir a l'autorité dotée de prérogatives de police vis-à-vis des activités des particuliers?

<p>L'autorité peut exiger que toute activité soit conforme aux exigences de l'ordre public.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pourquoi est-il important de préserver la moralité publique dans le cadre de la police administrative?

<p>La préservation de la moralité publique est cruciale pour garantir la dignité humaine et le bien-être social.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le rôle principal d'un établissement public (EP) lors de sa création?

<p>L'EP est un instrument de l'intervention publique dont l'objet est déterminé lors de sa création.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quels sont les deux types d'établissements publics mentionnés?

<p>Les établissements publics nationaux et locaux.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qui est responsable de la création des établissements publics?

<p>L'Etat et les collectivités territoriales, comme les Assemblées délibérantes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quels sont les trois principes auxquels est soumis un établissement public?

<p>Autonomie, Rattachement à un niveau de l’administration, et spécialité.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Comment peut-on déterminer l'objet d'un EP?

<p>Par domaine d'action propre ou par les interventions auxquelles il peut se livrer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Que détermine l'article 49 de la Constitution à propos des établissements publics?

<p>Il stipule que le Conseil des ministres délibère sur la nomination des responsables des EP stratégiques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel exemple est donné pour illustrer les missions d'un EP?

<p>L'université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, compétente en enseignement supérieur et recherche.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelle loi est mentionnée pour la nomination des responsables d'établissements publics?

<p>La loi organique 02-12 du 17 juillet 2012.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quels documents législatifs établissent les bases des autorités locales de police administrative?

<p>Le dahir du 1er mars 1963, le dahir du 15 février 1977, et la loi organique n° 113-14 du 7 juillet 2015.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le rôle principal du gouverneur selon le dahir du 15 février 1977?

<p>Le gouverneur est chargé du maintien de l'ordre et dirige les activités des chefs de cercle et chefs de circonscription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qui représente le pouvoir central dans les préfectures et provinces?

<p>Les walis de région et les gouverneurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le rôle du président du conseil communal en matière de police?

<p>Il partage le pouvoir de police avec l'autorité administrative locale selon les articles 49 et 50 de la loi 78-00 de 1976.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelle loi précise les attributions des gouverneurs dans le cadre de la police administrative?

<p>Le dahir portant loi du 15 février 1977.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dans quelles communes le président du conseil d'arrondissement exerce-t-il son pouvoir de police?

<p>Dans les communes de plus de 500 000 habitants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Comment les agents d'autorité sont-ils considérés en matière de police administrative?

<p>Ils sont considérés comme des représentants du pouvoir central.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel article de la Constitution de 2011 concerne les walis et gouverneurs en matière de police?

<p>L'article 145.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelles sont les exceptions au pouvoir de police administrative du président d'une commune selon l'article 110 de la loi organique 113-14?

<p>Les matières dévolues au gouverneur de la préfecture ou de la province.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dans quelles communes les attributions des présidents des conseils communaux sont-elles exercées par le pacha selon l'article 113?

<p>Dans les communes de méchouar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel article stipule que les arrêtés du président doivent être soumis au visa du gouverneur?

<p>L'article 115 de la loi organique 113-14.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelles compétences de police administrative peuvent être déléguées par le président de la commune au président de l’arrondissement?

<p>Certaines mesures individuelles de police administrative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Que se passe-t-il lorsque des dommages sont causés par le mauvais fonctionnement des services de police de l’ordre?

<p>Les juridictions déterminent si l'État ou la commune est responsable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelle est la conséquence de la tardiveté de l'intervention des forces de l'ordre lors des émeutes de Fès en décembre 1990?

<p>L'État a été condamné à réparer les conséquences de la faute lourde.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quels domaines relèvent spécifiquement du pouvoir de police administrative communale du président?

<p>Hygiène, tranquillité, salubrité publique et sûreté des passages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Selon l'article 236 de la loi organique 113-14, quel rôle a le président du conseil d’arrondissement?

<p>Il exerce certaines autorités de police administrative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le rôle principal de la police des carrières?

<p>Elle est chargée de la recherche et de la constatation des infractions à la loi 27-13 relative aux carrières.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Selon la loi cadre 99-12, quelles sont les responsabilités de la police de l'environnement?

<p>Elle est responsable de l'application des dispositions relatives à l'environnement conformément au décret de 2015.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qui est compétent pour le contrôle des prix selon la loi organique 113-14?

<p>Le gouverneur de la préfecture ou de la province est responsable du contrôle des prix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quels types d'établissements la police des établissements industriels surveille-t-elle?

<p>Elle surveille les établissements insalubres, incommodes ou dangereux.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelles normes la police de l'eau doit-elle établir?

<p>Elle doit fixer les normes de qualité de l'eau et les conditions d'utilisation des eaux usées.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Comment se manifeste le concours des autorités de police administrative?

<p>Il se manifeste par les conflits qui naissent des multiples décisions prises par ces autorités.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qui autorise l'ouverture des établissements industriels les plus nocifs?

<p>Le ministre de l'équipement est responsable d'autoriser l'ouverture de ces établissements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est un exemple de responsabilité des autorités locales en matière de régulation industrielle?

<p>Elles interviennent pour autoriser l'ouverture des établissements moins nocifs (2ème classe).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Action Administrative - Droit Privé - Section 01

  • Enseignant: Aziz SAIDI
  • Semester: 3
  • Year: 2024/2025
  • University: Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah de Fès
  • Faculty: Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales

Activities of the Administration

  • Chapter 2: Activities of the Administration
    • Service public
    • Police administrative

Purposes of Administrative Action

  • Chapter 5: Purposes of Administrative Action
    • Two main purposes:
      • Service public: Activities of a public body, a public entity, with a legal framework targeting the general interest through the smooth operation of public services.
      • Police administrative: Prescriptions aiming at maintaining and preserving public order.

Notion of Public Service

  • Chapter 1: Notion of Public Service
    • Study of Public Service:
      • Phenomenon: Legal aspect, applicable regulations
      • Human Phenomenon: Sociological approach to organizations
      • Science Approach: Administrative science, human resources management, material resources, and techniques
      • Historical Approach: Historical perspectives on classic and modern concepts of administrative law, public power (Maurice Hauriou), public service (Léon Duguit)
    • Concepts of Public Service:
      • Objective: Existence of activities of public interest
      • Subjective: State's will in terms of activities qualifying as public service
      • Classic: Essential needs of the community
      • Modern: Useful needs of the community

Evolution of the Notion of Public Service

  • Chapter 1: Evolution of the Notion of Public Service
    • Evolution: Complex and controversial
    • Public service has undergone significant transformations
    • Public service is a criterion for defining administrative law alongside public power.
    • Formal view: Public service is a set of organized material and human resources.
    • Material view: Public service is any activity aimed at meeting a general need, requiring administration to ensure or control it.

Gaston Jèze's Definition of Public Service

  • Chapter 1: Gaston Jèze's Definition of Public Service.
  • Public service is a legal tool used to meet the general interest.
  • The legislature is responsible for deciding whether an activity should be treated as a public service, and the legal precedent is determined by the courts.

Criteria for Identifying Public Service

  • Chapter 2: Criteria for Identifying Public Service
    • Finalist Criterion: Public service activities are linked to the general interest.
    • Organic Criterion: Public service is provided by a public body or under the control of a public body.
    • Material Criterion: Activities subject to a special legal regime, including administrative rules and exceptions in some instances, and, in rare cases, regular civil law.

Criteria for Identifying Public Service (continued)

  • Chapter 2: Criteria for Identifying Public Service (continued)
    • General Interest Activities: Public service activities, based on public interest considerations, are subject to evolving concepts.
    • Public Entity Provision: The public entity (government) assumes the responsibility of ensuring public service delivery.
    • Exceptions: Private actors can provide public services with public control and regulation.

Criteria for Identifying Public Service (continued)

  • Chapter 2: Criteria for Identifying Public Service (continued)
    • Public services are subject to administrative law and, in some cases, are governed by public law, not general civil law provisions.
    • Public authorities are accountable to satisfy public interest, with the option for public authorities to use general civil law principles.

Fundamental Principles of Public Service

  • Chapter 3: Fundamental Principles of Public Service
    • Continuity: Public authorities must maintain public services despite challenges or difficulties.
    • Equality: Public services must be accessible to all members of society.
    • Adaptation: Services must adapt to evolving public interest needs and concerns.
    • Public service organizations should be structured to meet evolving public needs

Categories of Public Services

  • Chapter 4: Categories of Public Services
    • Public services are categorized based on:
      • The nature of the activity
      • Applicable legal framework
      • Management approach
      • Agents' status
      • Funding mechanism

Administrative Public Services (SPA)

  • Chapter 4-1: Administrative Public Services (SPA)
    • Nature: Activities are administrative, without commercial characteristics, related to fundamental public functions (e.g., Justice, Police, Education).
    • Legal Framework: Subject to administrative law.
    • Management: Direct management by the State or delegation to public entities.
    • Agents: Civil servants or contractual agents under public service regulations.
    • Funding: Mostly through public funds.

Industrial and Commercial Public Services (SPIC)

  • Chapter 4-2: Industrial and Commercial Public Services (SPIC)
    • Nature: Similar to private businesses, operating in sectors like transportation, water, electricity.
    • Legal Framework: Mixed legal framework combining public and private law elements.
    • Management: Possible direct management by the State or delegation to private entities.
    • Agents: Often private sector employees but may also include some public sector workers.
    • Funding: Operations rely mainly on user fees.

Key Differences Between SPA and SPIC

  • Chapter 5: Key Differences Between SPA and SPIC
    • Service characteristics: SPAs are administrative, SPICs are commercial/industrial.
    • Legal framework: SPAs are governed primarily by public law, SPICs have a mix of public and private law.
    • Personnel: SPAs employ civil servants, SPIC employee a mix of public and private sector employees.
    • Funding: SPAs are funded primarily by public funds, SPICs are primarily funded by user fees.

Case Law and Criteria for Identifying Public Service

  • Chapter 6: Jurisprudence and Criteria for Identifying Public Service.
    • Determining whether an entity is a public service considers both the organ and the activity's substance.

Public Service Creation

  • Chapter 7: Creation of Public Service
    • Political decision: A political decision is made to recognize the general interest need for a public service.
    • Legal framework: This decision must be recognized in the laws and statutes (Constitution or special laws).
    • Management Choice: Decision on how to manage the public service (directly or by delegation.
    • Funding decision. (Public funding, user fees, or a combination)

Mode of Public Service Management

  • Chapter 8: Modes of Public Service Management
    • Direct Management: The State controls and provides public services.
    • Delegate Management: The provision of public services is outsourced to a public body or private entities.
    • Mixed Management: Combining direct and indirect methods of management.
    • Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Combining public and private resources for service delivery.
    • Economic mix: Combining public & private entities.

Public Services in Morocco

  • Chapter 9: Public Services in Morocco.
    • The historical evolution of public service provision in Morocco is examined, including the pre-colonial period, French protectorate, nationalisation, development, and modernisation/liberalisation phases.

Contemporary Challenges of Public Services in Morocco

  • Chapter 10: Contemporary Challenges of Public Services in Morocco
    • Equitable access, reduced inequality in the provision of public services, improved service quality, digitalization, and sustainable practices (energy and water) are highlighted as contemporary challenges to be faced by public services in Morocco.

Administrative Police

  • Chapter 1: Definition of Administrative Police
    • Definition: Administrative means (rules, regulations, actions) to keep public order.
    • Scope: Actions related to individuals, associations, and societies concerning public order.
    • Types: Normal police, exceptional periods (e.g., state of emergency, martial law)

Public Order

  • Chapter 2: Notion of Public Order
    • Ambiguity: The concept of public order is vague and multifaceted.
    • Material aspects: Concerns public safety, health, and security.
    • Immaterial aspects: Relates to fundamental human values, morality, and public ethics.

Examples of Administrative Police Activities

  • Chapter 3: Examples of Administrative Police Activities
    • Security (public gatherings)
    • Health (sanitation)
    • Urban planning and environment
    • Events and entertainment venues.
    • Safety and risks (e.g., natural disasters)

Administrative Police vs. Judicial Police

  • Chapter 4: Administrative Police vs. Judicial Police
    • Administrative: Preventive measures to prevent breaches of public order.
    • Judicial: Punitive measures to react to criminal acts that disrupt public order.
    • Overlap: Policing activities could involve both administrative and judicial approaches.

Categories of Administrative Police

  • Chapter 5: Categories of Administrative Police
    • General Police: Enforces general rules and regulations to maintain public order.
    • Special Police: Addresses specific activities/issues needing special rules (e.g., environmental police, economic control).

Exceptions to Police powers

  • Chapter 6: Exceptions to policing powers
    • State of Emergency: Temporary period of enhanced powers to ensure law and order in extraordinary circumstances.
    • Martial Law: Exceptionally stringent measure used in cases severe national crisis.

Authorities of Administrative Police

  • Chapter 7: Authorities of Administrative Police
    • General Police: Authority of the King, the Head of Government, Ministry of Interior, local police authorities (and their hierarchical delegation)
    • Special Police: Authorities specific to the sector they oversee, like environmental, economic, or sanitation authorities.

Conflicts and Coordination among Police authorities

  • Chapter 8: Conflicts and Coordination among Police authorities
    • Interactions between national authorities, regional authorities, and local authorities, resulting in possible conflicts in the exercise of police powers.
    • Coordination efforts between the different types of police authorities (general and special) may be necessary to avoid contradictions and manage public order effectively.

Tools/Means of Administrative Police

  • Chapter 9: Tools/Means of Administrative Police
    • Legal Tools: Laws, regulations, administrative decrees, ordinances
    • Resources: Personnel, budget, equipment, technology
    • Administrative procedures: Permits, licenses, and authorizations
    • Sanctions (penalties and administrative fines)

Nature of Police Measures

  • Chapter 9: Nature of Police Measures
    • Regulatory measures of general application to establish conditions under which specific activities can take place in public areas.
    • Individual measures: permits, authorizations, or prohibitions concerning specific individuals or activities, to implement regulation principles under various circumstances.

Sanctions for Police Violations

  • Chapter 10: Sanctions for Police Violations
    • Penal sanctions: Administrative fines and imprisonment, determined by legislation specific to the infraction.
    • Administrative sanctions: Based on general and special legislation

Execution of Police Measures

  • Chapter 11: Execution of Police Measures
    • Enforcement mechanisms: Enforcement methods vary based on the specificity of the police measure and the possible required level of force.
    • State responsibility: Various circumstances of failure of the administrative authorities or local authorities.
    • Court intervention: In case of a breach of administrative procedure, legal recourse by the individuals or entities involved.

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Action administrative - S3 - Droit privé - Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah de Fès (2024/2025) PDF

Description

Ce quiz explore les obligations de l'autorité responsable concernant la continuité des services publics, la notion d'égalité dans ces services, ainsi que l'organisation et l'adaptation des services publics aux exigences de l'intérêt général. Il examine également la distinction entre la police générale et la police spéciale, ainsi que les objectifs et domaines de la police administrative générale.

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