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Questions and Answers
What is the prognosis related to root grooves and concavities in teeth?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of malpositioned teeth?
Enamel pearls are most commonly found on which type of teeth?
What is a common developmental anomaly observed with upper lateral incisors?
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Which of the following is a type of malpositioned teeth?
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What defines a secondary local factor in periodontal disease?
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Which type of factors can impact periodontal disease through natural occurrence?
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How does dental calculus contribute to periodontal disease?
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What is the significance of iatrogenic local factors in periodontal disease?
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Which of the following is an effect of secondary local factors on plaque control?
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Which of the following is NOT a category of secondary local factors?
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What might a dental hygienist do to address secondary local factors?
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Which of the following best describes the impact of toxic substances leaching from calculus?
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What type of lesions are commonly associated with dental resorption?
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What consequence can oral piercings have on periodontal health?
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Which of the following describes an iatrogenic factor in dentistry?
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Which type of dentures are particularly associated with plaque accumulation?
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In terms of oral hygiene, what is a critical role of the clinician?
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What potential risk do restorations or appliances pose in relation to dental hygiene?
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What aspect of prior periodontal treatment might influence future oral health?
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What advice might be most beneficial for a patient with dentures?
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What are the types of dental restorations mentioned?
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Which type of bridge is characterized by not involving the adjacent teeth?
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Which action is crucial for maintaining oral hygiene with orthodontic appliances?
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What is a primary responsibility of the dental therapist or hygienist at the first appointment?
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What should be done if a local factor cannot be eliminated by the dental therapist?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a secondary local factor in periodontal disease?
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What does BPE stand for in the dental assessment context?
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Which type of dental implant relies on the integration with the jawbone?
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Study Notes
Secondary Local Factors in Periodontal Disease
- A secondary local factor is something which increases the risk of periodontal disease.
- This risk factor provides areas for microorganism colonization through plaque retention, making it harder for the patient to achieve optimal plaque control.
- If the patient cannot reach the area where plaque is building up, the plaque may lead to an exacerbation of periodontal disease.
- Secondary local factors can be developmental, due to disease or trauma or iatrogenic.
Plaque Retentive Factors
- Developmental factors are present from birth; they are part of the natural development of teeth.
- Factors due to disease and trauma can be caused by infections such as caries, trauma, or resorption cavities.
- ** Iatrogenic factors** are caused by health care providers or their treatment.
Naturally Occurring Local Factors
- Dental calculus is a hard deposit that forms on the teeth. It provides a large irregular surface area for microorganisms to harbor and thrive.
- Calculus makes oral hygiene more difficult for the patient, impacting their ability to maintain plaque control.
- Calculus can also leach toxic substances over a long period of time, further impacting oral health.
- Calculus can be supragingival (above the gum) and subgingival (below the gum).
- Calculus may also form on other surfaces, such as implants and dentures.
Tooth Anomalies
- Root grooves/concavities, especially palatal grooves found mainly on upper lateral incisors, can be prone to plaque accumulation.
- The deeper the groove and the further apically it extends, the worse the prognosis.
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Malpositioned teeth can contribute to plaque retention. These include:
- Crowding
- Over-eruption
- Poor contact points
- Poor position in the arch
- Tilting
- Rotation
- Impacted teeth
- Traumatic overbite
- Enamel pearls are small, round deposits of enamel that occur on the roots of teeth, usually associated with furcations, found on approximately 5% of molars.
Factors Due to Disease or Trauma
- Carious lesions and resorption cavities are prone to plaque accumulation, leading to an increased risk of periodontal disease.
- Previous periodontitis and gingival recession can also contribute to plaque retention.
Iatrogenic Factors
- Dental restorations such as amalgam, composite, gold, and crowns, can also contribute to plaque retention.
- Bridges, both conventional and adhesive, can also harbor plaque.
- Orthodontic appliances make maintaining optimal plaque control more challenging.
- Implants can become plaque retentive and require diligent home care.
- Dentures, particularly acrylic types, especially those with substantial coverage of the gingival margins, can contribute to plaque accumulation, making it vital to provide hygiene advice to patients wearing dentures.
The Role of the Dental Therapist and Dental Hygienist
- The dental therapist or hygienist plays a crucial role in preventing and managing periodontal disease.
- They should assess patients thoroughly, identify potential risk factors and provide preventive education and instruction to encourage self-care.
- Effective communication and patient education are essential to help patients understand their needs and take ownership of their oral health.
- The role of the dental therapist or hygienist is to enable their patients to manage optimal plaque control.
- When local factors cannot be eliminated, the dental therapist or hygienist should advise the patient on ways to minimise plaque retention and maintain good oral hygiene.
References
- The British Periodontology Society (BSP) provides guidelines for best practice in periodontal care.
- Kornman K.S. and Loe H. (1993) published a paper examining the role of local factors in the etiology of periodontal diseases, providing valuable insights into this aspect of dental care.
- The Root Canal Anatomy Project gives detailed information on radicular grooves, helping dental professionals understand their anatomy and implications for treating teeth.
- Kaminagakura, E. Salmon, C. Fonseca D.C. Lopes M.C.A. and Tango, R.N published a paper exploring the prevalence and distribution of enamel pearls, highlighting their significance in oral health.
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Description
This quiz explores the various secondary local factors that contribute to periodontal disease. Understand how developmental, disease-related, and iatrogenic factors can affect plaque retention and periodontal health. Gain insights into the importance of controlling these risk factors for optimal dental care.
